Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Blood Pressure Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (I) evaluate the evidence on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients; (II) determine whether HIIT impacts SBP and DBP differently; and (III) a...

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Published in:Life (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-12, Vol.14 (12), p.1661
Main Authors: Romero-Vera, Luis, Ulloa-Díaz, David, Araya-Sierralta, Sergio, Guede-Rojas, Francisco, Andrades-Ramírez, Oscar, Carvajal-Parodi, Claudio, Muñoz-Bustos, Gustavo, Matamala-Aguilera, María, Martínez-García, Darío
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerobics
Anaerobic threshold
Bias
Blood levels
Blood pressure
Clinical trials
control
Exercise
high blood pressure
high-intensity interval training
Hypertension
intensity
Interval training
Intervention
manipulation
Meta-analysis
Physical fitness
Pressure effects
Statistical analysis
Systematic Review
Training
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Summary:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (I) evaluate the evidence on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients; (II) determine whether HIIT impacts SBP and DBP differently; and (III) assess the clinical relevance of these effects. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, resulting in the inclusion of seven randomized clinical trials in the meta-analysis. The outcomes were analyzed using random-effects models to compute mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for SBP and DBP. A small reduction in SBP was observed with HIIT interventions (MD -3.00; 95% CI -4.61 to -1.39; < 0.0001; SMD -0.28; 95% CI -0.42 to -0.13; = 0.0003). However, no statistically significant reductions were detected for DBP (MD -0.70; 95% CI -1.80 to 0.39; = 0.21; SMD -0.07; 95% CI -0.22 to 0.08; = 0.35). Despite demonstrating statistical significance for SBP, the effects did not reach clinical relevance. HIIT interventions yield small reductions in SBP, with minimal impact on DBP. These findings suggest limited clinical relevance in the management of hypertension. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to standardize HIIT protocols, with specific emphasis on intensity control and manipulation, to better understand their potential role in hypertensive populations.
ISSN:2075-1729
2075-1729
DOI:10.3390/life14121661