Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Glucose Uptake

Insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. It arises from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental and lifestyle factors including lack of physical exercise and poor nutrition habits. The increased risk of type 2 diabetes is molecularly based on defec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of diabetes research 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.1-33
Main Authors: Müssig, Karsten, Stemper, Theodor, Herder, Christian, Röhling, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Glucose
Humans
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Insulin - blood
Insulin resistance
Interval training
Kinases
Life Style
Muscle Contraction
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Physical fitness
Protective Factors
Proteins
Review
Risk Factors
Risk Reduction Behavior
Signal Transduction
Strength training
Time Factors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Workloads
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Summary:Insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. It arises from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental and lifestyle factors including lack of physical exercise and poor nutrition habits. The increased risk of type 2 diabetes is molecularly based on defects in insulin signaling, insulin secretion, and inflammation. The present review aims to give an overview on the molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake of glucose and related signaling pathways after acute and chronic exercise. Physical exercise, as crucial part in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, has marked acute and chronic effects on glucose disposal and related inflammatory signaling pathways. Exercise can stimulate molecular signaling pathways leading to glucose transport into the cell. Furthermore, physical exercise has the potential to modulate inflammatory processes by affecting specific inflammatory signaling pathways which can interfere with signaling pathways of the glucose uptake. The intensity of physical training appears to be the primary determinant of the degree of metabolic improvement modulating the molecular signaling pathways in a dose-response pattern, whereas training modality seems to have a secondary role.
ISSN:2314-6745
2314-6753
DOI:10.1155/2016/2868652