Taming transposable elements in livestock and poultry: a review of their roles and applications

Livestock and poultry play a significant role in human nutrition by converting agricultural by-products into high-quality proteins. To meet the growing demand for safe animal protein, genetic improvement of livestock must be done sustainably while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Transposa...

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Published in:Genetics selection evolution (Paris) 2023-07, Vol.55 (1), p.50-50, Article 50
Main Authors: Zhao, Pengju, Peng, Chen, Fang, Lingzhao, Wang, Zhengguang, Liu, George E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Animal breeding
Animal protein
Animals
Biological research
Breeding
Chromatin
Computational Biology
DNA methylation
DNA Transposable Elements
Environmental impact
Epigenetics
Food sources
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genetic improvement
Genomes
Genomics
Human nutrition
Humans
Life Sciences
Livestock
Livestock - genetics
Poultry
Poultry - genetics
Poultry industry
Proteins
Review
Stem cells
Transposons
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Summary:Livestock and poultry play a significant role in human nutrition by converting agricultural by-products into high-quality proteins. To meet the growing demand for safe animal protein, genetic improvement of livestock must be done sustainably while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Transposable elements (TE) are important components of livestock and poultry genomes, contributing to their genetic diversity, chromatin states, gene regulatory networks, and complex traits of economic value. However, compared to other species, research on TE in livestock and poultry is still in its early stages. In this review, we analyze 72 studies published in the past 20 years, summarize the TE composition in livestock and poultry genomes, and focus on their potential roles in functional genomics. We also discuss bioinformatic tools and strategies for integrating multi-omics data with TE, and explore future directions, feasibility, and challenges of TE research in livestock and poultry. In addition, we suggest strategies to apply TE in basic biological research and animal breeding. Our goal is to provide a new perspective on the importance of TE in livestock and poultry genomes.
ISSN:1297-9686
0999-193X
1297-9686
DOI:10.1186/s12711-023-00821-2