Potential of Streptomyces avermitilis : A Review on Avermectin Production and Its Biocidal Effect

Secondary metabolites produced by the fermentation of bacterium are powerful antiparasitic agents used in animal health, agriculture and human infection treatments. Avermectin is a macrocyclic lactone with four structural components (A1, A2, B1, B2), each of them containing a major and a minor subco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metabolites 2024-06, Vol.14 (7), p.374
Main Authors: Cerna-Chávez, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, José Francisco, García-Conde, Karen Berenice, Ochoa-Fuentes, Yisa María
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Antibiotics
antiparasitic
Antiparasitic agents
Avermectin
Bacteria
biocide
Biosynthesis
Cell death
Chloride channels
Drug resistance
Enzymes
Fermentation
Genes
Genomes
Glutamate receptors
Hyperpolarization
Laboratories
Lactones
macrocyclic lactones
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microorganisms
Natural products
Nontarget organisms
Paralysis
Parasites
Peptides
Pharmaceuticals
Physiology
Secondary metabolites
Streptomyces
Streptomyces avermitilis
Veterinary medicine
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Summary:Secondary metabolites produced by the fermentation of bacterium are powerful antiparasitic agents used in animal health, agriculture and human infection treatments. Avermectin is a macrocyclic lactone with four structural components (A1, A2, B1, B2), each of them containing a major and a minor subcomponent, out of which avermectin B1a is the most effective parasitic control compound. Avermectin B1a produces two homologue avermectins (B1 and B2) that have been used in agriculture as pesticides and antiparasitic agents, since 1985. It has a great affinity with the Cl-channels of the glutamate receptor, allowing the constant flow of Cl- ions into the nerve cells, causing a phenomenon of hyperpolarization causing death by flaccid paralysis. The purpose of this work was to gather information on the production of avermectins and their biocidal effects, with special emphasis on their role in the control of pests and phytopathogenic diseases. The literature showed that is an important producer of macrocyclic lactones with biocidal properties. In addition, avermectin contributes to the control of ectoparasites and endoparasites in human health care, veterinary medicine and agriculture. Importantly, avermectin is a compound that is harmless to the host (no side effects), non-target organisms and the environment.
ISSN:2218-1989
2218-1989
DOI:10.3390/metabo14070374