A genetic screen identifies new steps in oocyte maturation that enhance proteostasis in the immortal germ lineage

Somatic cells age and die, but the germ-cell lineage is immortal. In , germline immortality involves proteostasis renewal at the beginning of each new generation, when oocyte maturation signals from sperm trigger the clearance of carbonylated proteins and protein aggregates. Here, we explore the cel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:eLife 2021-04, Vol.10
Main Authors: Samaddar, Madhuja, Goudeau, Jérôme, Sanchez, Melissa, Hall, David H, Bohnert, K Adam, Ingaramo, Maria, Kenyon, Cynthia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidification
Adenosine triphosphatase
Age
Aging
Animals
Caenorhabditis elegans - genetics
Caenorhabditis elegans - physiology
Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - genetics
Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - metabolism
Candidates
Cell Biology
Cell lineage
Endoplasmic reticulum
Females
Genes
genetic screen
Genetic screening
Genetic Testing
Genomes
Germ Cells - physiology
germ lineage
H+-transporting ATPase
Insects
lysosome acidification
Lysosomes
Microscopy
Mitochondria
Morphology
Ontology
oocyte maturation
Oocytes - physiology
Protein interaction
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Proteostasis
Quality control
RNA-mediated interference
Somatic cells
Sperm
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Summary:Somatic cells age and die, but the germ-cell lineage is immortal. In , germline immortality involves proteostasis renewal at the beginning of each new generation, when oocyte maturation signals from sperm trigger the clearance of carbonylated proteins and protein aggregates. Here, we explore the cell biology of this proteostasis renewal in the context of a whole-genome RNAi screen. Oocyte maturation signals are known to trigger protein-aggregate removal via lysosome acidification. Our findings suggest that lysosomes are acidified as a consequence of changes in endoplasmic reticulum activity that permit assembly of the lysosomal V-ATPase, which in turn allows lysosomes to clear the aggregates via microautophagy. We define two functions for mitochondria, both of which appear to be independent of ATP generation. Many genes from the screen also regulate lysosome acidification and age-dependent protein aggregation in the soma, suggesting a fundamental mechanistic link between proteostasis renewal in the germline and somatic longevity.
ISSN:2050-084X
2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/ELIFE.62653