Effects of Caffeine Consumption on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. ADHD impairments arise from irregularities primarily in dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) circuits within the prefrontal cortex....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-02, Vol.14 (4), p.739
Main Authors: Vázquez, Javier C, Martin de la Torre, Ona, López Palomé, Júdit, Redolar-Ripoll, Diego
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine
ADHD
Animal models
Animals
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Behavior
Blood pressure
Body weight
Caffeine
Caffeine - pharmacology
Coffee
Disease Models, Animal
Dopamine
Humans
Hyperactivity
Impulsive Behavior
Impulsivity
Mental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Norepinephrine
Olfactory discrimination learning
Olfactory pathways
Prefrontal cortex
Review
Reviews
Systematic review
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Summary:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. ADHD impairments arise from irregularities primarily in dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) circuits within the prefrontal cortex. Due to ADHD medication's controversial side effects and high rates of diagnosis, alternative/complementary pharmacological therapeutic approaches for ADHD are needed. Although the number of publications that study the potential effects of caffeine consumption on ADHD treatment have been accumulating over the last years, and caffeine has recently been used in ADHD research in the context of animal models, an updated evidence-based systematic review on the effects of caffeine on ADHD-like symptoms in animal studies is lacking. To provide insight and value at the preclinical level, a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was performed for all publications available up to 1 September 2021. Caffeine treatment increases attention and improves learning, memory, and olfactory discrimination without altering blood pressure and body weight. These results are supported at the neuronal/molecular level. Nonetheless, the role of caffeine in modulating ADHD-like symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity is contradictory, raising discrepancies that require further clarification. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that the cognitive effects of caffeine found in animal models could be translated to human ADHD, particularly during adolescence.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14040739