Nivalenol has a greater impact than deoxynivalenol on pig jejunum mucosa in vitro on explants and in vivo on intestinal loops

The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), worldwide cereal contaminants, raise concerns for animal and human gut health, following contaminated food or feed ingestion. The impact of DON and NIV on intestinal mucosa was investigated after acute exposure, in vitro and in vivo. The histo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2015-05, Vol.7 (6), p.1945-1961
Main Authors: Cheat, Sophal, Gerez, Juliana R, Cognié, Juliette, Alassane-Kpembi, Imourana, Bracarense, Ana Paula F L, Raymond-Letron, Isabelle, Oswald, Isabelle P, Kolf-Clauw, Martine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis - drug effects
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Contaminants
deoxynivalenol
enterocytes
Enterocytes - drug effects
Enterocytes - pathology
Female
Food contamination
histomorphology
In Vitro Techniques
Ingestion
Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects
Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
Jejunum - drug effects
Jejunum - pathology
jejunum explant
Life Sciences
loops
Mycotoxins
nivalenol
Other
Reproducibility of Results
Risk assessment
Swine
Toxicology
Trichothecenes - toxicity
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Summary:The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), worldwide cereal contaminants, raise concerns for animal and human gut health, following contaminated food or feed ingestion. The impact of DON and NIV on intestinal mucosa was investigated after acute exposure, in vitro and in vivo. The histological changes induced by DON and NIV were analyzed after four-hour exposure on pig jejunum explants and loops, two alternative models. On explants, dose-dependent increases in the histological changes were induced by DON and NIV, with a two-fold increase in lesion severity at 10 µM NIV. On loops, NIV had a greater impact on the mucosa than DON. The overall proliferative cells showed 30% and 13% decrease after NIV and DON exposure, respectively, and NIV increased the proliferative index of crypt enterocytes. NIV also increased apoptosis at the top of villi and reduced by almost half the proliferative/apoptotic cell ratio. Lamina propria cells (mainly immune cells) were more sensitive than enterocytes (epithelial cells) to apoptosis induced by NIV. Our results demonstrate a greater impact of NIV than DON on the intestinal mucosa, both in vitro and in vivo, and highlight the need of a specific hazard characterization for NIV risk assessment.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins7061945