Solvent-Focused Gas Chromatographic Determination of Thymol and Carvacrol Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction through Solidifying Floating Organic Droplets (USA-DLLME-SFO)

An ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by solidifying floating organic droplets, coupled to a form of temperature-programmed gas chromatography flame ionization detection, has been developed for the extraction and determination of thymol and carvacrol. This method utilizes u...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-08, Vol.29 (16), p.3931
Main Authors: Barzegar, Sedigheh, Rehmani, Mousab, Farahmandzadeh, Mahdi, Absalan, Ghodratollah, Karimi, Benson
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
carvacrol
Chromatography
Chromatography, Gas - methods
Cymenes - analysis
Cymenes - chemistry
Efficiency
gas chromatography
Limit of Detection
Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods
Phenols
solvent focusing
Solvents
Solvents - chemistry
thymol
Thymol - analysis
Thymol - chemistry
Ultrasonic imaging
undecanol
USA-DLLME-SFO
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Summary:An ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by solidifying floating organic droplets, coupled to a form of temperature-programmed gas chromatography flame ionization detection, has been developed for the extraction and determination of thymol and carvacrol. This method utilizes undecanol as the extraction solvent, offering advantages such as facilitating phase transfer through solidification and enhancing solvent-focusing efficiency. The optimal gas chromatography conditions include a sample injection volume of 0.2 µL, a split ratio of 1:10, and a flow rate of 0.7 mL min . The extraction conditions entail an extraction solvent volume of 20 µL, a disperser solvent (acetone) volume of 500 µL, pH 7.0, 7.0% NaCl (3.5 M), a sample volume of 5.0 mL, an ultrasound duration of 10 min, and a centrifuge time of 7.5 min (800 rpm). These conditions enable the achievement of a high and reasonable linear range of 3.5 to 70. 0 μg mL for both thymol and carvacrol. The detection limits are found to be 0.95 and 0.89 μg mL , respectively, for thymol and carvacrol. The obtained relative standard deviations, 2.7% for thymol and 2.6% for carvacrol, demonstrate acceptable precision for the purpose of quantitative analysis.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules29163931