An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren's Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic and insidious auto-immune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. The patients typically present with ocular surface diseases related to dry eye and other systemic manifestations. However, due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-01, Vol.24 (2), p.1580
Main Authors: Wu, Kevin Y, Kulbay, Merve, Tanasescu, Cristina, Jiao, Belinda, Nguyen, Bich H, Tran, Simon D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptomatic
Autoimmune diseases
basic research
Disease
DNA methylation
dry eye
Dry Eye Syndromes - complications
Dry Eye Syndromes - etiology
Exocrine glands
Eye diseases
Gene expression
Hepatitis
Horizon
Humans
immune pathway
Immunological diseases
Immunology
Literature reviews
Lymphocytes
Lymphoma
ocular surface
Pathogenesis
pathophysiology
Proteomics
Quality of Life
Review
Saliva
Sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's Syndrome - complications
Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis
Sjögren syndrome
Tears
Viral infections
Viruses
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Summary:Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic and insidious auto-immune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. The patients typically present with ocular surface diseases related to dry eye and other systemic manifestations. However, due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease and the lack of objective and clinically reliable diagnostic tools, discriminating Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) from non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSSDE) remains a challenge for clinicians. Diagnosing SS is important to improve the quality of life of patients through timely referral for systemic workups, as SS is associated with serious systemic complications such as lymphoma and other autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this article is to describe the current molecular understanding of Sjögren's syndrome and its implications for novel diagnostic modalities on the horizon. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2016 and 2022 was conducted. The SSDE pathophysiology and immunology pathways have become better understood in recent years. Novel diagnostic modalities, such as tear and saliva proteomics as well as exosomal biomarkers, provide hope on the horizon.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24021580