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Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography

This paper presents the application of five analytical methods to analyze ceramic fragments excavated in the archaeological sites of Sambaqui do Bacanga (SB), Sambaqui da Panaquatira (SP), and Rabo de Porco (RP) located on the Brazilian Amazon coast. It is a region that presents evidence of one of t...

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Published in:Minerals (Basel) 2022-10, Vol.12 (10), p.1302
Main Authors: Ikeoka, Renato Akio, Appoloni, Carlos Roberto, Scorzelli, Rosa Bernstein, dos Santos, Edivaldo, Rizzutto, Marcia de Almeida, Bandeira, Arkley Marques
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description This paper presents the application of five analytical methods to analyze ceramic fragments excavated in the archaeological sites of Sambaqui do Bacanga (SB), Sambaqui da Panaquatira (SP), and Rabo de Porco (RP) located on the Brazilian Amazon coast. It is a region that presents evidence of one of the oldest ceramic productions in the Americas. Characterization of ceramics from the three sites led to the identification of the production processes, technological acquisition and choices, and the origin of the raw materials. The analytical methods employed in this study were EDXRF, PIXE, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, and computed radiography. It was concluded through the Mössbauer and XRD Spectroscopy analyses that the firing temperature range used on the ceramics was 750–900 °C, performed in an oxidizing environment. Fragments from the three archaeological sites were grouped into two groups through multivariate statistical analysis. The first group was composed of SB and SP samples, and the second of RP samples, indicating that different groups were manufactured with different clays. The result of the cluster analysis indicates that the clay used in the manufacture of the RP site fragments came from the bank of the Bacanga River. The ceramic fragments’ internal structures, observed by computed radiography, revealed the presence of various sizes and types of temper in the fragments, showing different production technologies.
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subjects Aluminum
Analytical methods
ancient pottery
Archaeological sites
Archaeology
Ceramics
Chemical elements
Clay
Cluster analysis
Computation
EDXRF
Fragments
Gamma rays
Historic artifacts
Historic buildings & sites
Historic sites
Ion beams
Laboratories
Material culture
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Multivariate statistical analysis
Mössbauer spectroscopy and computed radiography
Oxidation
PIXE
Pottery
Radiography
Raw materials
Reproducibility
Spectroscopy
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
XRD
title Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography
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