Six versus four or five cycles of first‐line etoposide and platinum‐based chemotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy in patients with limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis of a prospective randomized trial

• Published in: Cancer medicine (Malden, MA) MA), 2024-04, Vol.13 (8), p.e7215-n/a
• Main Authors: Yu, Tian‐tian, Hu, Xiao, Liufu, Wei‐jian, Niu, Shao‐qing, Lian, Hui‐min, Ma, Hong‐lian, Wang, Jin, Bao, Yong, Chen, Ming, Peng, Fang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use; Cancer therapies; Chemoradiotherapy - methods; Chemotherapy; Cisplatin; Cisplatin - administration & dosage; Cisplatin - therapeutic use; Clinical trials; concurrent chemoradiotherapy; cycles of chemotherapy; Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Etoposide; Etoposide - administration & dosage; Etoposide - therapeutic use; Female; Humans; limited‐stage SCLC; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms - mortality; Lung Neoplasms - pathology; Lung Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Lung Neoplasms - therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Patients; Progression-Free Survival; Propensity Score; Prospective Studies; Radiation therapy; radiotherapy; Remission (Medicine); Retrospective Studies; Small cell lung carcinoma; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - drug therapy; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - mortality; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - pathology; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - radiotherapy; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - therapy; Thorax; Toxicity
• ISSN: 2045-7634; 2045-7634
• DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7215

Objectives The recommended treatment for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC) is a combination of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) chemotherapy, typically administered over 4–6 cycles. Nonetheless, the optimal duration of chemotherapy is still not determined. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with LS‐SCLC who received either 6 cycles or 4–5 cycles of EP chemotherapy combined with TRT. Materials and Methods In this retrospective analysis, we utilized data from our prior prospective trial to analyze the outcomes of 265 LS‐SCLC patients who received 4–6 courses of EP combined with concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated TRT between 2002 and 2017. Patients were categorized into two groups depending on their number of chemotherapy cycles: 6 or 4–5 cycles. To assess overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), we employed the Kaplan–Meier method after conducting propensity score matching (PSM). Results Among the 265 LS‐SCLC patients, 60 (22.6%) received 6 cycles of EP chemotherapy, while 205 (77.4%) underwent 4–5 cycles. Following PSM (53 patients for each group), the patients in the 6 cycles group exhibited a significant improvement in OS and PFS in comparison to those in the 4–5 cycles group [median OS: 29.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6–53.1 months) vs. 22.7 months (95% CI, 20.8–29.1 months), respectively, p = 0.019; median PFS: 17.9 months (95% CI, 13.7–30.5 months) vs. 12.0 months (95% CI, 9.8–14.2 months), respectively, p = 0.006]. The two‐year and five‐year OS rates were 60.38% and 29.87% in the 6 cycles group, whereas 47.17% and 15.72% in the 4–5 cycles group, respectively. Conclusion Patients diagnosed with LS‐SCLC who were treated with EP regimen chemotherapy combined with TRT exhibited notably enhanced survival when administered 6 cycles of chemotherapy, as compared to those who underwent only 4–5 cycles.