Protective and Regenerative Roles of T Cells in Central Nervous System Disorders

Pathogenic mechanisms of T cells in several central nervous system (CNS) disorders are well-established. However, more recent studies have uncovered compelling beneficial roles of T cells in neurological diseases, ranging from tissue protection to regeneration. These divergent functions arise due to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2019-09, Vol.10, p.2171-2171
Main Authors: Evans, Frances L, Dittmer, Marie, de la Fuente, Alerie G, Fitzgerald, Denise C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adaptive immune system
CD4+ T cells
central nervous system
Immunology
neurological disorders
regeneration
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Summary:Pathogenic mechanisms of T cells in several central nervous system (CNS) disorders are well-established. However, more recent studies have uncovered compelling beneficial roles of T cells in neurological diseases, ranging from tissue protection to regeneration. These divergent functions arise due to the diversity of T cell subsets, particularly CD4 T cells. Here, we review the beneficial impact of T cell subsets in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and CNS trauma. Both T cell-secreted mediators and direct cell contact-dependent mechanisms deliver neuroprotective, neuroregenerative and immunomodulatory signals in these settings. Understanding the molecular details of these beneficial T cell mechanisms will provide novel targets for therapeutic exploitation that can be applied to a range of neurological disorders.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02171