Myostatin and Follistatin—New Kids on the Block in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in IBD and Possible Therapeutic Implications

Sarcopenia, which is a decrease in muscle strength and quality of muscle tissue, is a common disorder among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. This particular group of patients often presents with malnutrition and shows low physical activity, which increases the risk of sarcopenia....

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Published in:Biomedicines 2021-09, Vol.9 (10), p.1301
Main Authors: Skrzypczak, Dorota, Skrzypczak-Zielińska, Marzena, Ratajczak, Alicja Ewa, Szymczak-Tomczak, Aleksandra, Eder, Piotr, Słomski, Ryszard, Dobrowolska, Agnieszka, Krela-Kaźmierczak, Iwona
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Body fat
Crohn's disease
Cytokines
Diagnosis
Disease
Drug therapy
Follistatin
Gene therapy
Genes
Genetic factors
Genomes
Growth factors
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Insulin resistance
Intestine
Malnutrition
Muscle strength
Musculoskeletal system
Myostatin
Oxidative stress
Patients
Physical activity
Proteins
Review
Sarcopenia
Signal transduction
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Ulcerative colitis
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:Sarcopenia, which is a decrease in muscle strength and quality of muscle tissue, is a common disorder among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. This particular group of patients often presents with malnutrition and shows low physical activity, which increases the risk of sarcopenia. Another important factor in the development of sarcopenia is an imbalanced ratio of myostatin and follistatin, which may stem from inflammation as well as genetic factors. Currently, research in this area continues, and is aimed at identifying an effective medication for the treatment of this condition. Additionally, we still have no sarcopenia markers that can be used for diagnosis. In this paper, we address the role of myostatin and follistatin as potential markers in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, particularly in view of the genetic and biological aspects. We also present data on new perspectives in the pharmacotherapy of sarcopenia (i.e., myostatin inhibitors and gene therapy). Nevertheless, knowledge is still scarce about the roles of follistatin and myostatin in sarcopenia development among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, which warrants further study.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9101301