Ageing, Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk and the Beneficial Role of Natural Components Intake

Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-12, Vol.23 (1), p.183
Main Authors: Rysz, Jacek, Franczyk, Beata, Rysz-Górzyńska, Magdalena, Gluba-Brzózka, Anna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ageing
Aging
Aging (natural)
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology
cardiovascular risk
Carotenoids
Cell death
Cellular Senescence
Chromosomes
Chronic illnesses
Diet
DNA methylation
Fibrosis
Flavonoids
Free radicals
Garbage
Heart
Heart valves
Humans
Life span
Mitochondria
Mutation
Myocardium
Oxidative Stress
Resveratrol
Review
Risk
Risk Factors
Senescence
Telomerase
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Summary:Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage. Detrimental changes that accumulate in body cells and tissues with time raise the vulnerability to environmental challenges and enhance the risk of major chronic diseases and mortality. There are several theses concerning the mechanisms of ageing: genetic, free radical telomerase, mitochondrial decline, metabolic damage, cellular senescence, neuroendocrine theory, Hay-flick limit and membrane theories, cellular death as well as the accumulation of toxic and non-toxic garbage. Moreover, ageing is associated with structural changes within the myocardium, cardiac conduction system, the endocardium as well as the vasculature. With time, the cardiac structures lose elasticity, and fibrotic changes occur in the heart valves. Ageing is also associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The results of studies suggest that some natural compounds may slow down this process and protect against age-related diseases. Animal studies imply that some of them may prolong the lifespan; however, this trend is not so obvious in humans.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23010183