Challenges in Vaccinating Layer Hens against Salmonella Typhimurium

Typhimurium is among the most common causes of bacterial foodborne gastrointestinal disease in humans. Food items containing raw or undercooked eggs are frequently identified during traceback investigation as the source of the bacteria. Layer hens can become persistently infected with Typhimurium an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2020-11, Vol.8 (4), p.696
Main Authors: Jia, Siyuan, McWhorter, Andrea R, Andrews, Daniel M, Underwood, Gregory J, Chousalkar, Kapil K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Biosecurity
Birds
Cross-protection
Drinking water
Eggs
Farms
Food chains
Food contamination & poisoning
Food supply
Gastrointestinal diseases
Immune response
Infections
layer hen
Meat
Mutation
Pathogens
Poultry
Review
Salmonella
Salmonella Typhimurium
Supply chains
vaccine
Vaccine efficacy
Vaccines
Virulence
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Summary:Typhimurium is among the most common causes of bacterial foodborne gastrointestinal disease in humans. Food items containing raw or undercooked eggs are frequently identified during traceback investigation as the source of the bacteria. Layer hens can become persistently infected with Typhimurium and intermittently shed the bacteria over the course of their productive lifetime. Eggs laid in a contaminated environment are at risk of potential exposure to bacteria. Thus, mitigating the bacterial load on farms aids in the protection of the food supply chain. Layer hen producers use a multifaceted approach for reducing on farms, including the all-in-all-out management strategy, strict biosecurity, sanitization, and vaccination. The use of live attenuated vaccines is favored because they elicit a broader host immune response than killed or inactivated vaccines that have been demonstrated to provide cross-protection against multiple serovars. Depending on the vaccine, two to three doses of Typhimurium vaccines are generally administered to layer hens within the first few weeks. The productive life of a layer hen, however, can exceed 70 weeks and it is unclear whether current vaccination regimens are effective for that extended period. The objective of this review is to highlight layer hen specific challenges that may affect vaccine efficacy.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines8040696