The Footprint of Exosomes in the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects

Radiation therapy is widely used as the primary treatment option for several cancer types. However, radiation therapy is a nonspecific method and associated with significant challenges such as radioresistance and non-targeted effects. The radiation-induced non-targeted effects on nonirradiated cells...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioengineering (Basel) 2022-05, Vol.9 (6), p.243
Main Authors: Jokar, Safura, Marques, Inês A., Khazaei, Saeedeh, Martins-Marques, Tania, Girao, Henrique, Laranjo, Mafalda, Botelho, Maria Filomena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioengineering
Biosynthesis
bystander effects
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Cell interaction
Cell organelles
Communication
Complications and side effects
exosome
Exosomes
Gamma rays
Health aspects
Ionizing radiation
Lipids
Metastasis
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Radiation
Radiation effects
Radiation therapy
Radioresistance
Radiotherapy
Review
Risk assessment
Tumors
X-rays
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Summary:Radiation therapy is widely used as the primary treatment option for several cancer types. However, radiation therapy is a nonspecific method and associated with significant challenges such as radioresistance and non-targeted effects. The radiation-induced non-targeted effects on nonirradiated cells nearby are known as bystander effects, while effects far from the ionising radiation-exposed cells are known as abscopal effects. These effects are presented as a consequence of intercellular communications. Therefore, a better understanding of the involved intercellular signals may bring promising new strategies for radiation risk assessment and potential targets for developing novel radiotherapy strategies. Recent studies indicate that radiation-derived extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a vital role in intercellular communications and may result in radioresistance and non-targeted effects. This review describes exosome biology, intercellular interactions, and response to different environmental stressors and diseases, and focuses on their role as functional mediators in inducing radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE).
ISSN:2306-5354
2306-5354
DOI:10.3390/bioengineering9060243