Perceived Velocity and Altitude Judgments During Rotary Wing Aircraft Flight

Eight Army rotary wing aviators made judgments concerning the ground speed and altitude of a UH-1 helicopter. Combinations of three ground speeds and four altitudes were used across four visual conditions including daylight and simulated night environments. In general, the results indicate: (1) Abso...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Armstrong, Richard N, Hofmann, Mark A, Sanders, Michael G, Stone, Lewis W, Bowen, Charles A
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
AIRSPEED
ALTITUDE
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
ARMY AIRCRAFT
AVIATION SAFETY
CUES(STIMULI)
DAY
ERRORS
ESTIMATES
FLIGHT SIMULATION
GROUND SPEED
HELICOPTERS
Human Factors Engineering & Man Machine System
JUDGEMENT(PSYCHOLOGY)
MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS
NIGHT
PERCEPTION(PSYCHOLOGY)
PERFORMANCE(HUMAN)
PILOTS
Psychology
RANGE(DISTANCE)
TERRAIN FOLLOWING
VISUAL PERCEPTION
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Summary:Eight Army rotary wing aviators made judgments concerning the ground speed and altitude of a UH-1 helicopter. Combinations of three ground speeds and four altitudes were used across four visual conditions including daylight and simulated night environments. In general, the results indicate: (1) Absolute error in ground speed estimations increased as altitude increased; (2) At ground speeds above 50 knots there was a tendency to underestimate ground speeds, and below 50 knots ground speed estimates were dependent upon visual cinditons. (3) Absolute error in altitude judgment increases with aircraft altitude; and (4) At low altitudes the trend is toward understimation and as altitude and airspeed increase the tendency is to overestimate altitude. These and other results are discussed as well as their possible implications for conduct of safe flight.