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Ignition of Flammable Gases in Crude-Oil Tankers as a Result of Metal Fracture

A literature search and an energy analysis have shown that the energies generated and the temperatures developed by metal fracture are not sufficient to ignite a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon vapor and air directly. It was concluded from this study that if metal fracture were to be a cause of ign...

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Main Authors:	Affens, W A, Lange ,E A
Format:	Report
Language:	English
Subjects:	ADIABATIC CONDITIONS COMPRESSION CRACK PROPAGATION ENERGY FLAMMABILITY FRACTURE(MECHANICS) FRICTION GASES HIGH TEMPERATURE IGNITION LITERATURE SURVEYS Marine Engineering METALS OIL TANKS PYROPHORIC MATERIALS Safety Engineering SPARKS STATIC ELECTRICITY TANKER SHIPS VAPORS
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creator	Affens, W A Lange ,E A
description	A literature search and an energy analysis have shown that the energies generated and the temperatures developed by metal fracture are not sufficient to ignite a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon vapor and air directly. It was concluded from this study that if metal fracture were to be a cause of ignition, it would be by an indirect process. The most likely cause of ignition resulting from metal fracture would be due to frictional impact or friction of fractured metal structural members with each other or with other objects. It was also concluded that normal impact (without friction) or single rubbings would not generate sufficient energy for ignition unless friction sparks also resulted. Friction sparks are more likely to cause ignition if highly pyrophoric metals are present. It was also concluded that adiabatic compression is a possible source of ignition in the case of ship collisions. (Author)
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It was concluded from this study that if metal fracture were to be a cause of ignition, it would be by an indirect process. The most likely cause of ignition resulting from metal fracture would be due to frictional impact or friction of fractured metal structural members with each other or with other objects. It was also concluded that normal impact (without friction) or single rubbings would not generate sufficient energy for ignition unless friction sparks also resulted. Friction sparks are more likely to cause ignition if highly pyrophoric metals are present. It was also concluded that adiabatic compression is a possible source of ignition in the case of ship collisions. 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source	DTIC Technical Reports
subjects	ADIABATIC CONDITIONS COMPRESSION CRACK PROPAGATION ENERGY FLAMMABILITY FRACTURE(MECHANICS) FRICTION GASES HIGH TEMPERATURE IGNITION LITERATURE SURVEYS Marine Engineering METALS OIL TANKS PYROPHORIC MATERIALS Safety Engineering SPARKS STATIC ELECTRICITY TANKER SHIPS VAPORS
title	Ignition of Flammable Gases in Crude-Oil Tankers as a Result of Metal Fracture
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