Evaluation of Clean Solid Phases for Extraction of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines from Water

Salting-out solvent extraction (SOE) was compared with cartridge and membrane solid-phase extraction (SPE) for preconcentration of nitroaromatics, nitramines, and aminonitroaromatics prior to determination by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The solid phases used were manufactu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jenkins, Thomas F, Thorne, Phillip G, Myers, Karen F, McCormick, Erika F, Parker, Don E
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
ACETONITRILE
Ammunition and Explosives
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
COMPARISON
CONCENTRATION(CHEMISTRY)
EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL
EXTRACTION
GROUND WATER
HMX
Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Processing
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
MEMBRANES
NITRAMINES
NITRO RADICALS
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
RDX
SALTING-OUT EXTRACTION
SAMPLING
SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION
SOLID PHASES
TNT
WATER ANALYSIS
WATER POLLUTION
Water Pollution and Control
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Summary:Salting-out solvent extraction (SOE) was compared with cartridge and membrane solid-phase extraction (SPE) for preconcentration of nitroaromatics, nitramines, and aminonitroaromatics prior to determination by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The solid phases used were manufacturer-cleaned materials: Porapak RDX for the cartridge method and Empore SDB-RPS for the membrane method. Thirty-three groundwater samples from the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana, were analyzed using the direct analysis protocol specified in SW846 Method 8330, and the results were compared with analyses conducted after preconcentration using SOE with acetonitrile, cartridge-based SPE, and membrane-based SPE. For high-concentration samples, analytical results from the three preconcentration techniques were compared with results from the direct analysis protocol; good recovery of all target analytes was achieved by all three pre-concentration methods. For low-concentration samples, results from the two SPE methods were correlated with results from the SOE method; very similar data was obtained by the SOE and SPE methods, even at concentrations well below 1 ug/L. The large chromatographic interferences observed for the SPE methods in an earlier study using less clean materials were largely absent here. A small interference was observed for both SPE methods at the retention time of RDX on the primary analysis column that translated to concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 ugIL RDX. Detection limits for RDX should be raised to 0.6 ug/L if the SPE methods are used for preconcentration due to this potential interference. We recommend that solid-phase extraction be included as an option in SW846 Method 8330 as well as SOE. (AN)