The Non-Classical Secretion of Thioredoxin from Breast Cancer Cells

Thioredoxin is a small protein with a catalytic site for redox reactions that is involved in several physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in humans. A ubiquitous cytosolic protein, thioredoxin also is secreted by some types of cells including cells derived from leukemia, lung, colon, and breas...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Chuck, Steven L
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
AMINO ACIDS
BREAST CANCER
CATALYSIS
CELLS(BIOLOGY)
CYTOKINES
GENES
GROWTH(GENERAL)
HUMANS
LEUKEMIA
Medicine and Medical Research
NEOPLASMS
OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTIONS
PATHOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY
PROTEIN SECRETION
PROTEINS
SEQUENCES
THIOREDOXIN
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Summary:Thioredoxin is a small protein with a catalytic site for redox reactions that is involved in several physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in humans. A ubiquitous cytosolic protein, thioredoxin also is secreted by some types of cells including cells derived from leukemia, lung, colon, and breast cancers. Extracellular thioredoxin acts as an autocrine growth factor and can potentiate the action of other cytokines on these tumor cell lines. The novel pathway by which thioredoxin is secreted has not been elucidated. Our aims were to identify the amino acid sequence within thioredoxin that directs its secretion from cells, and to identify the cellular gene products that secrete thioredoxin from breast cancer cells. We characterized the non-classical secretion of thioredoxin from several cell types. We also discovered that this route of export can be used to dispose of unfolded proteins.