Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessments of Some Military Munitions and Obscurant-related Compounds for Selected Threatened and Endangered Species

Preparation for anticipated, unknown, and invariably adverse battlefield conditions requires military training activities involving military smokes and obscurants (S&Os) and related chemical compounds, and can result in the release of other chemical agents and military unique compounds (MUCs) as...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Von Stackleberg, Katherine, Amos, Craig, Butler, C, Smith, Thomas, Famely, J, McArdle, M, Southworth, B, Steevens, Jeffrey
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution and Control
AMMUNITION
Ammunition and Explosives
Biology
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
COLORED SMOKES
ENDANGERED SPECIES
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
EXPOSURE(PHYSIOLOGY)
MILITARY TRAINING
MINERAL OILS
MUCS(MILITARY UNIQUE COMPOUNDS)
OBSCURANTS
PARTICLES
RISK MANAGEMENT
S&OS(SMOKES AND OBSCURANTS)
SMOKE SCREENS
TOXICITY
VAPORS
WHITE PHOSPHORUS
Online Access:Request full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Preparation for anticipated, unknown, and invariably adverse battlefield conditions requires military training activities involving military smokes and obscurants (S&Os) and related chemical compounds, and can result in the release of other chemical agents and military unique compounds (MUCs) associated with munitions. This study evaluates the potential long-term impacts on selected threatened and endangered species resulting from dispersion and deposition of vapors and particles found in the fog oils, hexachloroethane smoke, colored smokes, white phosphorus, and obscurants such as brass flakes and graphite flakes used during training. Residue from these constituents can deposit directly on plants and prey species favored by higher vertebrates and other species or can be taken up by plants and prey species from the soil. From the literature and installation use reports, the authors develop estimates of toxicity and exposure to calculate installation-specific screening-level risk for selected threatened and endangered species. The original document contains color images.