Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of CS and Synthesis of Its Novel Analogs

Of the potential five groups of less-than-lethal riot control and crowd management agents, three groups, namely co-chloroacetophenones (CN), benzylidene malononitriles (CS-type), and dibenzooxazepines (CR) have found frequent use. Of the three groups, chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Munavalli, Shekar, Rohrbaugh, Dennis K, Durst, H D
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
BIOCHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL ANALOGS
Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare
CS AGENTS
FLUORINE
MASS SPECTRA
MASS SPECTRAL DATA
NONLETHAL AGENTS
NOVEL ANALOGS
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
PHARMACOLOGY
SYNTHESIS(CHEMISTRY)
TOXICOLOGY
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Summary:Of the potential five groups of less-than-lethal riot control and crowd management agents, three groups, namely co-chloroacetophenones (CN), benzylidene malononitriles (CS-type), and dibenzooxazepines (CR) have found frequent use. Of the three groups, chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most popularly used non-lethal agent in riot control situations and military exercises. With a view to improve its properties and enhance its effectiveness, 15 new CS analogs incorporating fluorine and fluorine-containing groups have been synthesized using microwave irradiation and novel catalysts. The structures and physical properties and mass spectral characterization of this group of highly potent CS-type agents are described herein.