Bacillus cereus G9241 Makes Anthrax Toxin and Capsule like Highly Virulent B. anthracis Ames but Behaves like Attenuated Toxigenic Nonencapsulated B. anthracis Sterne in Rabbits and Mice

Bacillus cereus G9241 was isolated from a welder with a pulmonary anthrax-like illness. The organism contains two megaplasmids, pBCXOl and pBC218. These plasmids are analogous to the Baci/11.1s anthracis Ames plasmids pXOl and pX02 that encode anthrax toxins and capsule, respectively. Here we evalua...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wilson, Melissa K, Vergis, James M, Alem, Farhang, Palmer, John R, Keane-Myers, Andrea M, Brahmbhatt, Trupti N, Ventura, Christy L, O'Brien, Alison D
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
ANTHRAX
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
BACILLUS CEREUS
BACTERIAL TOXINS
BLOOD CELLS
ILLNESS
LETHAL DOSAGE
LUNG
Medicine and Medical Research
Microbiology
NEW ZEALAND
PLASMIDS
PULMONARY BLOOD CIRCULATION
RABBITS
SPLEEN
SPORES
STRAINS(BIOLOGY)
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
TOXICITY
Toxicology
TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS
VEGETATION
VIRULENCE
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Summary:Bacillus cereus G9241 was isolated from a welder with a pulmonary anthrax-like illness. The organism contains two megaplasmids, pBCXOl and pBC218. These plasmids are analogous to the Baci/11.1s anthracis Ames plasmids pXOl and pX02 that encode anthrax toxins and capsule, respectively. Here we evaluated the virulence of B. cereus G9241 as well as the contributions of pBCXOl and pBC218 to virulence. B. cereus G9241 was avirulent in New Zealand rabbits after subcutaneous inoculation and attenuated 100-fold compared to the published 50% lethal dose (LD 50) values for B. anthracis Ames after aerosol inoculation. A/J and C57BL/6J mice were comparably susceptible to B. cereus G9241 by both subcutaneous and intranasal routes of infection. However, the LD50s for B. cereus G9241 in both mouse strains were markedly higher than those reported for B. anthracis Ames and more like those of the toxigenic but nonencapsulated B. anthracis Sterne. Furthermore, B. cereus G9241 spores could germinate and disseminate after intranasal inoculation into A/J mice, as indicated by the presence of vegetative cells in the spleen and blood of animals 48 h after infection. Lastly, B. cereus G9241 derivatives cured of one or both megaplasmids were highly attenuated in A/J mice. We conclude that the presence of the toxin- and capsule-encoding plasmids pBCXOl and pBC218 in B. cereus G9241 alone is insufficient to render the strain as virulent as B. anthracis Ames. However, like B. anthracis, full virulence of B. cereus G9241 for mice requires the presence of both plasmids. Pub. in Infection And Immunity, v79 n8, p3012-3019, Aug 2011.