Acute and Chronic Toxicities of TNT and RDX to the Enchytraeid Worm, Enchytraeus crypticus, in Natural Soils

We investigated individual toxicities of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus using the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ISO 16387:2004). Studies were designed to identify and characterize the predominant soil physicochemica...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kuperman, Roman G, Checkai, Ronald T, Simini, Michael, Philips, Carlton T, Kolakowski, Jan E, Kurnas, Carl W
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
ACETONITRILE
Ammunition and Explosives
BIOAVAILABILITY
Biology
CONCENTRATION(COMPOSITION)
ECOLOGICAL SOIL SCREENING LEVELS
ENCHYTRAEUS CRYPTICUS
KCL(KIRKLAND CLAY LOAM)
NATURAL SOILS
RCL(RICHFIELD CLAY LOAM)
RDX
Soil Mechanics
SOILS
TNT
TOXICITY
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
TSL(TELLER SANDY LOAM)
WCL(WEBSTER CLAY LOAM)
WEATHERING-AND-AGING
WORMS
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Summary:We investigated individual toxicities of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus using the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ISO 16387:2004). Studies were designed to identify and characterize the predominant soil physicochemical parameters that affect the acute (mortality) and chronic (reproduction) toxicities of TNT or RDX to E. crypticus, and to generate ecotoxicological benchmarks for developing the ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) for risk assessments of contaminated soils. Soils with a wide range of physicochemical parameters included: Teller sandy loam (TSL), Sassafras sandy loam (SSL), Richfield clay loam (RCL), Kirkland clay loam (KCL), and Webster clay loam (WCL). Reproduction toxicity of TNT weathered-and-aged in soil, based on EC50 values, correlated strongly with soil organic matter and clay contents. The order of soil toxicity (from greatest to least) was: TSL SSL KCL = RCL WCL. RDX was less toxic to E. crypticus compared with TNT in the same soil types. RDX toxicity for E. crypticus was greater in sandy loam soils compared with clay loam soils. Toxicity benchmarks established in TSL and SSL will be submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Eco-SSL Workgroup for use in developing soil invertebrate-based Eco-SSLs for TNT and RDX. The original document contains color images.