A h olistic a pproach to a nesthesia- i nduced n eurotoxicity and its i mplications for f uture m echanistic s tudies

Abstract The year 2016 marked the 15th anniversary since anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and its resulting cognitive dysfunction were first described. Since that time, multiple scientific studies have supported these original findings and investigated possible mechanisms behind anesth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurotoxicology and teratology 2016
Main Authors: Zanghi, Christine N, Jevtovic-Todorovic, Vesna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Emergency
Medical Education
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Abstract The year 2016 marked the 15th anniversary since anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and its resulting cognitive dysfunction were first described. Since that time, multiple scientific studies have supported these original findings and investigated possible mechanisms behind anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. This paper reviews the existing mechanistic literature on anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in the context of a holistic approach that emphasizes the importance of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells during early postnatal development. Sections are divided into key stages in early neural development; apoptosis, neurogenesis, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, gliogenesis, myelination and blood brain barrier/cerebrovasculature. In addition, the authors combine the established literature in the field of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity with literature from other related scientific fields to speculate on the potential role of non-neuronal cells and to generate new future hypotheses for understanding anesthetic toxicity and its application to the practice of pediatric anesthesia.
ISSN:0892-0362
DOI:10.1016/j.ntt.2016.12.004