3D Printed Concrete: Acomprehensive review ofraw material’s properties, synthesis, performance, andpotential field applications

• Published in: Construction & building materials 2023-07, Vol.387, Article 131614
• Main Authors: Bhushan Jindal, Bharat, Jangra, Parveen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3D printed concrete; 3DPC; Buildability; Extrudability; Printability; Rheology
• ISSN: 0950-0618; 1879-0526
• DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131614

•Utilisation of crumb rubber and polypropylene fibers in geopolymer mortar.•Microstructural studies of fly ash based engineered geopolymer mortar.•Mechanical properties and durability of mortar.•Microstructure of hybrid GPC studied using SEM, XRD and EDS analyses.•FTIR analysis of geopolymer mortar. This study presents a detailed assessment of current technical obstacles and the potential for newly developed 3D printing concrete technology. This novel construction strategy will transform the building geometry features while saving time and money, but it still faces several technical, environmental, and operational obstacles. This study combines the knowledge of the most recent publications with the author’s view to address and explore the significant operating aspects, practicality, and possibilities for novel three dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) technology. This paper is organized into seven main categories: prominent parameters for 3DPC, raw materials, mix design methodology, the effect of concrete ingredients on the properties of 3DPC, 3DPC microstructure, reinforcement in 3DPC, field applications and sustainability of 3DPC are covered. Furthermore, solutions for the problems, scope, and economic and environmental challenges have been presented. It was found that this technology needs maturity at different levels, such as technical, economic, and environmental before implementation for practical applications.