Understanding heavy Metal pollution dynamics in Çandarlı Gulf, western Türkiye: Insights from spatial analysis, sediment transport modeling and ecological risk assessment

This study investigates the sources, levels, and distribution of heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Çandarlı Gulf, examining both natural and anthropogenic influences. Using sediment transport models, pollution assessments, and principal component analysis (PCA), have been identified mea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Continental shelf research 2025-02, Vol.285, p.105393, Article 105393
Main Authors: Duman, Muhammet, Eronat, Atilla Hüsnü, Talas, Ezgi, Gerdanlı, Murat Cenk, Tükel, Caner
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Heavy metal
Pollution indices
Sediment contamination
Sediment transport
Çandarlı gulf
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Summary:This study investigates the sources, levels, and distribution of heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Çandarlı Gulf, examining both natural and anthropogenic influences. Using sediment transport models, pollution assessments, and principal component analysis (PCA), have been identified mean metal concentrations in sediments as Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > As. PCA revealed five key sources: natural processes, biogenic impacts, anthropogenic activities, industrial runoff, and wastewater. The sediment characteristics vary regionally, with high-energy conditions and sand dominance in the south, and finer materials in the north. High carbonate content in sandy areas links to mechanical abrasion. Trace elements like As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn exceed background values in southern and northeastern zones due to activities like container handling and ship dismantling. Ecological risk assessments show frequent adverse effects for Ni and As, and occasional effects for Cu and Zn. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive pollution control strategies to protect the Çandarlı Gulf's marine ecosystem. [Display omitted] •First extensive study on Çandarlı Gulf sediment grain size and toxic risk assessment.•Mean concentrations of toxic elements highest in Nemrut Bay and Bakırçay delta.•Elevated trace elements in industrial zones highlight anthropogenic pollution impacts.•Sediment Quality Guidelines and Toxic Risk Index indicate As and Ni toxicity.•Sediment transport model crucial for understanding regional pollution dynamics.
ISSN:0278-4343
DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2024.105393