Nutritional problems and body mass index of Turkish children with autism

• Published in: Nutrition and food science 2022-08, Vol.52 (6), p.1029-1041
• Main Authors: Asil, Esma, Uçar, Aslı, Tunay, Çağla Zeynep, Bütün Ayhan, Aynur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Autism; Autistic children; Beverages; Body height; Body mass index; Body size; Body weight; Children; Communication; Dairy products; Eating; Eating behavior; Evaluation; Families & family life; Food; Food selection; Measurement techniques; Milk; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutritional status; Obesity; Overweight; Parents & parenting; Questionnaires; Selectivity; Subject specialists
• ISSN: 0034-6659; 1758-6917; 0034-6659
• DOI: 10.1108/NFS-12-2021-0389

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the nutritional habits, eating behavior and nutritional status of children with autism. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted with 60 boys and 16 girls diagnosed with autism (mean age: 8.3 ± 4.9 years). Research data were collected from parents of children with autism using a questionnaire form developed by researchers after literature searching. The height and body weight of the children were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Findings Almost half of the children except the 13–18 age group were overweight/obese according to BMI. Difficulty in giving new food was 73.1% in the 2–5 age group, 70% in the 6–12 age group and 40% in the 13–18 age group (p = 0.04). It was determined that the children refused to consume a median of 3 (1–8) types of food (p = 0.04) and were obsessed with consuming 2 (1–4) types of food and 1 (1–4) type of beverages. Additionally, milk and dairy products were refused significantly higher between 2–5 and 6–12 years than 13–18 years (p = 0.02). Also, it was found that age had an inverse effect on refusal food number (β = 0.38, 95% CI = −0.30 − −0.08, p = 0.01). In conclusion, obesity and nutritional problems such as food selectivity, food refusal and obsessive eating behavior are encountered in children with autism which affect children socially and physically and should not be ignored when planning the treatment of children with autism. Research limitations/implications The lack of a control group to compare the results of children with autism is an important limitation of the study. Originality/value This study fulfills a defined need to examine and evaluate Turkish children’s nutritional status, nutritional habits and eating behavior with autism.