Examining the relationship between farmers' characteristics and access to agricultural extension: Empirical evidence from northern Uganda

• Published in: The journal of agricultural education and extension 2023-08, Vol.29 (4), p.439-461
• Main Authors: Okello, Daniel Micheal, Akite, Irine, Atube, Francis, Kalule, Stephen Wamala, Ongeng, Duncan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Access to Education; Agricultural Education; Agricultural extension; Agricultural extension work; Agricultural Occupations; Agricultural Production; Animal Husbandry; Cellular telephones; crop enterprises; Crop production; Crops; Empirical analysis; Experience; Extension Education; extension service provider; Farmers; Farms; Foreign Countries; Gender; Gender Differences; Geographic Location; Group Membership; Households; Individual Characteristics; Information Sources; Livestock; livestock enterprises; Livestock production; Local communities; Marital Status; Pesticides; Regression models; Rural Extension; smallholder
• ISSN: 1389-224X; 1750-8622
• DOI: 10.1080/1389224X.2022.2082500

This study aimed at assessing how farmers' access to agricultural extension is linked to farmers' choice of extension service providers, and the crops and livestock activities engaged in at the farm level. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 342 farming households. Data analyses were conducted using the descriptive statistics and Probit binary regression model. Results show that farmer access to agricultural extension depends on farmer district location, experience, group membership, use of pesticides, crop and livestock production diversity, and information source diversity. Furthermore, results show that gender, marital status, experience credit access, group membership, and livestock production diversity are the main drivers of farmers' choice of service providers for an agricultural extension at the farm level. Lastly, leading determinants of access to agriculture for individual farm enterprises include farmer location (district), gender, marital status, education, experience, land owned, access to credit, group membership, ownership of mobile phones, and market information source diversity. Differentiated targeting of agricultural extension across farmer demographic structures and production objectives is not only influenced by varying factors but also important for ensuring that extension services are responsive for food and cash generation needs of local communities. This study deepens the literature on farmer access to agricultural extension with results demonstrating differences in factors that determine farmers' choice of service providers for agricultural extension and the kind of crop and livestock activities engaged at the farm level. This research is of high value as it presents empirical results on factors associated with the provision of agricultural extension services where there are many providers and where extension services is targeting different agricultural enterprises.