Ab and T cell epitopes of influenza A virus, knowledge and opportunities

The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resources (IEDB) (www.immuneepitope.org) was recently developed to capture epitope related data. IEDB also hosts various bioinformatics tools that can be used to identify novel epitopes as well as to analyze and visualize existing epitope data. Herein, a comp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2007-01, Vol.104 (1), p.246-251
Main Authors: Bui, Huynh-Hoa, Peters, Bjoern, Assarsson, Erika, Mbawuike, Innocent, Sette, Alessandro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Antibodies, Viral - analysis
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Antigens
Biological Sciences
Cross Reactions
Databases as Topic
Epitopes
Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
H5N1 subtype influenza A virus
Humans
Infections
Influenza
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus - immunology
Pandemics
Proteins
T lymphocytes
Vaccination
Viruses
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Summary:The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resources (IEDB) (www.immuneepitope.org) was recently developed to capture epitope related data. IEDB also hosts various bioinformatics tools that can be used to identify novel epitopes as well as to analyze and visualize existing epitope data. Herein, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken (i) to compile and inventory existing knowledge regarding influenza A epitopes and (ii) to determine possible cross-reactivities of identified epitopes among avian H5N1 and human influenza strains. At present, IEDB contains >600 different epitopes derived from 58 different strains and 10 influenza A proteins. By using the IEDB analysis resources, conservancy analyses were performed, and several conserved and possibly cross-reactive epitopes were identified. Significant gaps in the current knowledge were also revealed, including paucity of Ab epitopes in comparison with T cell epitopes, limited number of epitopes reported for avian influenza strains/subtypes, and limited number of epitopes reported from proteins other than hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein. This analysis provides a resource for researchers to access existing influenza epitope data. At the same time, the analysis illustrates gaps in our collective knowledge that should inspire directions for further study of immunity against the influenza A virus.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0609330104