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Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish oil dietary supplements: Occurrence and human exposure in the UK

Commercially available fish oil supplements sourced from retail outlets in the UK, as well as by mail order, were surveyed in 2000-02 for dioxin (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content. Sampled products were representative of market share. The WHO-TEQ values for these products ranged fr...

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Published in:Food additives and contaminants 2006-09, Vol.23 (9), p.939-947
Main Authors: Fernandes, A.R, Rose, M, White, S, Mortimer, D.N, Gem, M
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description Commercially available fish oil supplements sourced from retail outlets in the UK, as well as by mail order, were surveyed in 2000-02 for dioxin (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content. Sampled products were representative of market share. The WHO-TEQ values for these products ranged from 0.18 to 8.4ngkg-1 for ΣPCDD/F and from 1.1 to 41ng kg-1 for Σ dioxin-like PCBs. The results suggest a downward trend in the levels of dioxins in fish oil supplements over the last decade, since levels for similar products ranged from 0.3 to 10 ng kg-1 for ΣPCDD/F WHO-TEQ in 1996. Levels of ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Seas) 7 PCBs in the current study ranged from 8.3 to 267 microgram kg-1. Subsequent to this survey, European Union legislation has been introduced that includes a maximum limit of 2 ng kg-1 WHO-TEQ for dioxins in fish oil products for human consumption. Twelve of the 33 products reported here would have exceeded this limit. Negotiations are in progress to incorporate dioxin-like PCBs into the European Union regulations. When manufacturer-recommended doses were applied to the observed levels, the estimated upper bound human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from dietary intake of these products ranged from 0.02 to 7.1 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for adults and from 0.02 to 10 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for schoolchildren. This level rises to 1.8-8.9 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for adults and 1.4-14 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for schoolchildren when combined with the average exposure from the whole diet in 1997. Again, subsequent to this survey, the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) revised the UK tolerable daily intake (TDI) for mixtures of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from 10 to 2 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1. This is in line with the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14 pg WHO-TEQkg-1 body weight set by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF).
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identifier ISSN: 0265-203X
ispartof Food additives and contaminants, 2006-09, Vol.23 (9), p.939-947
issn 0265-203X
1464-5122
language eng
recordid cdi_fao_agris_US201301103743
source Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection
subjects Biological and medical sciences
child nutrition
dietary exposure
dietary supplements
Dietary Supplements - analysis
Dioxins
Dioxins - administration & dosage
Dioxins - analysis
docosahexaenoic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Feeding. Feeding behavior
fish oil
fish oils
Fish Oils - chemistry
Food Analysis - methods
Food Contamination - analysis
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
herbicide residues
Humans
Hygiene and safety
insecticide residues
International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) 7 PCBs
maximum permissible intake
omega-3 fatty acids
omega-6 fatty acids
PCDD/Fs
polychlorinated biphenyls
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - administration & dosage
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
school children
United Kingdom
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
water pollution
WHO-TEQ
title Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish oil dietary supplements: Occurrence and human exposure in the UK
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