Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: a 10.5-Year Analysis of Susceptibilities of Candida Species to Fluconazole and Voriconazole as Determined by CLSI Standardized Disk Diffusion

Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 256,882 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from 142 sites in 41 countries from June 1997 to December 2007. Data were collected for 197,619 isolates tested with voriconazole from 2001 to 2007. A total of 31 different species of Candida were is...

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Published in:Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2010-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1366-1377
Main Authors: Pfaller, M.A, Diekema, D.J, Gibbs, D.L, Newell, V.A, Ellis, D, Tullio, V, Rodloff, A, Fu, W, Ling, T.A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antifungal Agents - pharmacology
Candida
Candida - classification
Candida - drug effects
Candida - isolation & purification
Candidiasis - microbiology
Fluconazole - pharmacology
Humans
Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods
Mycology
Pyrimidines - pharmacology
Triazoles - pharmacology
Voriconazole
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f2f6d6609493533acfb1ba5b460dbdaba1ca61dc22c7b35af54d502cf6143993
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container_title Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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creator Pfaller, M.A
Diekema, D.J
Gibbs, D.L
Newell, V.A
Ellis, D
Tullio, V
Rodloff, A
Fu, W
Ling, T.A
description Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 256,882 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from 142 sites in 41 countries from June 1997 to December 2007. Data were collected for 197,619 isolates tested with voriconazole from 2001 to 2007. A total of 31 different species of Candida were isolated. Increased rates of isolation of the common non-albicans species C. glabrata (10.2% to 11.7%), C. tropicalis (5.4% to 8.0%), and C. parapsilosis (4.8% to 5.6%) were noted when the time periods 1997 to 2000 and 2005 to 2007 were compared. Investigators tested clinical isolates of Candida spp. by the CLSI M44-A disk diffusion method. Overall, 90.2% of Candida isolates tested were susceptible (S) to fluconazole; however, 13 of 31 species identified exhibited decreased susceptibility (
doi_str_mv 10.1128/JCM.02117-09
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Data were collected for 197,619 isolates tested with voriconazole from 2001 to 2007. A total of 31 different species of Candida were isolated. Increased rates of isolation of the common non-albicans species C. glabrata (10.2% to 11.7%), C. tropicalis (5.4% to 8.0%), and C. parapsilosis (4.8% to 5.6%) were noted when the time periods 1997 to 2000 and 2005 to 2007 were compared. Investigators tested clinical isolates of Candida spp. by the CLSI M44-A disk diffusion method. Overall, 90.2% of Candida isolates tested were susceptible (S) to fluconazole; however, 13 of 31 species identified exhibited decreased susceptibility (&lt;75% S), similar to that seen with the resistant (R) species C. glabrata and C. krusei. Among 197,619 isolates of Candida spp. tested against voriconazole, 95.0% were S and 3% were R. About 30% of fluconazole-R isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. rugosa, C. lipolytica, C. pelliculosa, C. apicola, C. haemulonii, C. humicola, C. lambica, and C. ciferrii remained S to voriconazole. An increase in fluconazole resistance over time was seen with C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae, C. sake, and C. pelliculosa. Among the emerging fluconazole-R species were C. guilliermondii (11.4% R), C. inconspicua (53.2% R), C. rugosa (41.8% R), and C. norvegensis (40.7% R). The rates of isolation of C. rugosa, C. inconspicua, and C. norvegensis increased by 5- to 10-fold over the 10.5-year study period. C. guilliermondii and C. rugosa were most prominent in Latin America, whereas C. inconspicua and C. norvegensis were most common in Eastern European countries. This survey identifies several less-common species of Candida with decreased susceptibility to azoles. These organisms may pose a future threat to optimal antifungal therapy and underscore the importance of prompt and accurate species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0095-1137</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-660X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02117-09</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20164282</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology ; Candida ; Candida - classification ; Candida - drug effects ; Candida - isolation &amp; purification ; Candidiasis - microbiology ; Fluconazole - pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods ; Mycology ; Pyrimidines - pharmacology ; Triazoles - pharmacology ; Voriconazole</subject><ispartof>Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2010-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1366-1377</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f2f6d6609493533acfb1ba5b460dbdaba1ca61dc22c7b35af54d502cf6143993</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f2f6d6609493533acfb1ba5b460dbdaba1ca61dc22c7b35af54d502cf6143993</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849609/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849609/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,3188,3189,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164282$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pfaller, M.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diekema, D.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibbs, D.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newell, V.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellis, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tullio, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodloff, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ling, T.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Global Antifungal Surveillance Group</creatorcontrib><title>Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: a 10.5-Year Analysis of Susceptibilities of Candida Species to Fluconazole and Voriconazole as Determined by CLSI Standardized Disk Diffusion</title><title>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</title><addtitle>J Clin Microbiol</addtitle><description>Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 256,882 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from 142 sites in 41 countries from June 1997 to December 2007. Data were collected for 197,619 isolates tested with voriconazole from 2001 to 2007. A total of 31 different species of Candida were isolated. Increased rates of isolation of the common non-albicans species C. glabrata (10.2% to 11.7%), C. tropicalis (5.4% to 8.0%), and C. parapsilosis (4.8% to 5.6%) were noted when the time periods 1997 to 2000 and 2005 to 2007 were compared. Investigators tested clinical isolates of Candida spp. by the CLSI M44-A disk diffusion method. Overall, 90.2% of Candida isolates tested were susceptible (S) to fluconazole; however, 13 of 31 species identified exhibited decreased susceptibility (&lt;75% S), similar to that seen with the resistant (R) species C. glabrata and C. krusei. Among 197,619 isolates of Candida spp. tested against voriconazole, 95.0% were S and 3% were R. 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About 30% of fluconazole-R isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. rugosa, C. lipolytica, C. pelliculosa, C. apicola, C. haemulonii, C. humicola, C. lambica, and C. ciferrii remained S to voriconazole. An increase in fluconazole resistance over time was seen with C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae, C. sake, and C. pelliculosa. Among the emerging fluconazole-R species were C. guilliermondii (11.4% R), C. inconspicua (53.2% R), C. rugosa (41.8% R), and C. norvegensis (40.7% R). The rates of isolation of C. rugosa, C. inconspicua, and C. norvegensis increased by 5- to 10-fold over the 10.5-year study period. C. guilliermondii and C. rugosa were most prominent in Latin America, whereas C. inconspicua and C. norvegensis were most common in Eastern European countries. This survey identifies several less-common species of Candida with decreased susceptibility to azoles. 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ispartof Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2010-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1366-1377
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source American Society for Microbiology; PubMed Central
subjects Antifungal Agents - pharmacology
Candida
Candida - classification
Candida - drug effects
Candida - isolation & purification
Candidiasis - microbiology
Fluconazole - pharmacology
Humans
Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods
Mycology
Pyrimidines - pharmacology
Triazoles - pharmacology
Voriconazole
title Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: a 10.5-Year Analysis of Susceptibilities of Candida Species to Fluconazole and Voriconazole as Determined by CLSI Standardized Disk Diffusion
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