Bioaccumulation kinetics and effects of sediment-bound contaminants on chironomids in deep waters: new insights using a low-disturbance in situ system

• Published in: Environmental technology 2014-02, Vol.35 (4), p.456-469
• Main Authors: Ferrari, Benoît J.D, Vignati, Davide A.L, Dominik, Janusz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Applied sciences; Assessments; Bioaccumulation; bioavailability; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Assay - instrumentation; bottles; Chironomidae - metabolism; Chironomus riparius; Contaminants; Continental interfaces, environment; Deep water; ecotoxicity; Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation; Environmental Sciences; environmental technology; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Exact sciences and technology; Food engineering; Food industries; Foods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Geologic Sediments - analysis; Geologic Sediments - chemistry; Geologic Sediments - microbiology; in situ biotest; instars; Kinetics; laboratory techniques; Laboratory tests; larvae; Metabolic Clearance Rate; metals; monitoring; Organisms; Pollution; risk; Sand; Sciences of the Universe; sediment-water interface; Sediments; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - pharmacokinetics
• ISSN: 1479-487X; 0959-3330; 1479-487X
• DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.831462

Effective assessment of sediment quality and associated risks requires further integration between laboratory-based studies and field observations. Tools for in situ exposure of laboratory-reared organisms are particularly suitable for this purpose. However, available tools suffer from technical drawbacks that limit their use in deep waters and their general ability to provide results linking laboratory and field observations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new device (Sediment–Water Interface Study System – S-WISS1) for in situ exposure of fourth instar larvae of Chironomus riparius at depths up to 18 m. S-WISS1 allows minimum alteration of the sediment natural structure (upon both deployment and recovery) and, in a way analogous to laboratory tests, repeated delivery of food doses to the in situ exposed organisms. Results obtained in situ with S-WISS1 were compared with standard laboratory tests and simple caging systems (large-mouthed bottles partly filled with sand) used as field controlks. A first series of experiments (48 h, no food addition) showed that element bioavailability to chironomids was higher in laboratory settings than on-site or in situ . A second series of experiments (96 h, food addition every 24 h) confirmed that sediments rather than overlying waters acted as the principal source of contaminants and that exposure to field sediments reduced chironomids’ growth compared with on-site controls. S-WISS1 represents a new family of in situ tools capable of combining the environmental realism associated with field monitoring with the controlled experimental conditions typical of laboratory testing.