Identification of cytoskeletal elements enclosing the ATP pools that fuel human red blood cell membrane cation pumps

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2012-07, Vol.109 (31), p.12794-12799
• Main Authors: Chu, Haiyan, Puchulu-Campanella, Estela, Galan, Jacob A, Tao, W. Andy, Low, Philip S, Hoffman, Joseph F
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Actins; Adenosine triphosphatase; adenosine triphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate - analogs & derivatives; Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism; Adenosine Triphosphate - pharmacology; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte - metabolism; Ankyrins; Ankyrins - metabolism; Antibodies; Antibodies - chemistry; Antibodies - pharmacology; Azides - metabolism; Azides - pharmacology; Biological Sciences; calcium; Calcium Channels - metabolism; cation pumps; Cell membranes; Cytoskeleton; Cytoskeleton - metabolism; Energy metabolism; Enzymes; Erythrocyte membrane; Erythrocyte Membrane - metabolism; Erythrocytes; eukaryotic cells; fluorescence; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases - metabolism; Humans; immunoblotting; Kinases; Mass spectrometry; Membranes; organelles; P branes; Peptides; phosphoglycerate kinase; phosphoproteins; Physical Sciences; Pumps; pyruvate kinase; sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase - metabolism; Spectrin - metabolism
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209014109

The type of metabolic compartmentalization that occurs in red blood cells differs from the types that exist in most eukaryotic cells, such as intracellular organelles. In red blood cells (ghosts), ATP is sequestered within the cytoskeletal–membrane complex. These pools of ATP are known to directly fuel both the Na ⁺/K ⁺ and Ca ²⁺ pumps. ATP can be entrapped within these pools either by incubation with bulk ATP or by operation of the phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase reactions to enzymatically generate ATP. When the pool is filled with nascent ATP, metabolic labeling of the Na ⁺/K ⁺ or Ca ²⁺ pump phosphoproteins (E Nₐ-P and E Cₐ-P, respectively) from bulk [γ- ³²P]-ATP is prevented until the pool is emptied by various means. Importantly, the pool also can be filled with the fluorescent ATP analog trinitrophenol ATP, as well as with a photoactivatable ATP analog, 8-azido-ATP (N ₃-ATP). Using the fluorescent ATP, we show that ATP accumulates and then disappears from the membrane as the ATP pools are filled and subsequently emptied, respectively. By loading N ₃-ATP into the membrane pool, we demonstrate that membrane proteins that contribute to the pool’s architecture can be photolabeled. With the aid of an antibody to N ₃-ATP, we identify these labeled proteins by immunoblotting and characterize their derived peptides by mass spectrometry. These analyses show that the specific peptides that corral the entrapped ATP derive from sequences within β-spectrin, ankyrin, band 3, and GAPDH.