Induction of PP2A Bβ, a regulator of IL-2 deprivation-induced T-cell apoptosis, is deficient in systemic lupus erythematosus

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2011, Vol.108 (30), p.12443-12448
• Main Authors: Crispín, José C, Apostolidis, Sokratis A, Finnell, Melissa I, Tsokos, George C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: apoptosis; gene expression regulation; humans; immune response; interleukin-2; lupus erythematosus; patients; small interfering RNA; substrate specificity; T-lymphocytes
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490

The activity and substrate specificity of the ubiquitously expressed phosphatase PP2A is determined by the type of regulatory (B) subunit that couples to the catalytic/scaffold core of the enzyme. We determined that the Bβ subunit (PPP2R2B) is expressed in resting T cells, its transcription is down-regulated during T-cell activation, and up-regulated in conditions of low IL-2. Specifically, high levels of PP2A Bβ were produced during IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis, whereas Fas ligation had no effect. Forced expression of the Bβ subunit in primary human T cells was sufficient to induce apoptosis, whereas silencing using siRNA protected activated T cells from IL-2 withdrawal-induced cell death. Because T-cell apoptosis is known to be altered in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, we analyzed the regulation of PP2A Bβ in this autoimmune disease. We found that levels of PP2A Bβ did not increase upon IL-2 deprivation in 50% of the patients. Remarkably, this defect was accompanied by resistance to apoptosis. Importantly, kinetics of cell death were normal in cells of patients that up-regulated PP2A Bβ in a normal manner. We have identified a unique role for the phosphatase PP2A, particularly the holoenzyme formed by PP2A Bβ. Bβ appears to trigger apoptosis of T cells in the absence of IL-2 and probably contributes to the termination of a no-longer-needed immune response. We propose that defective production of PP2A Bβ upon IL-2 deprivation results in apoptosis resistance and longer survival of autoreactive T cells, in a subset of SLE patients.