Biological effects of xenœstrogens and the functional mechanisms via genomic and nongenomic pathways

Xenœstrogens (XEs) are a class of substances that exert estrogenic effects by mimicking or blocking endogenous hormones. The sources, environmental behavior, and fate of typical XEs are described. XEs’ adverse developmental, metabolic, and immunological effects are then presented with respect to rep...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental reviews 2017-09, Vol.25 (3), p.306-322
Main Authors: Xu, Zhi-Xiang, Liu, Jun, Gu, Li-Peng, Huang, Bin, Pan, Xue-Jun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biological effects
effets biologiques
Endocrine disruptors
Environmental aspects
estrogen
estrogen receptor
récepteur des œstrogènes
signaling pathways
voies de signalisation
Xenobiotics
xenoestrogens
xénœstrogènes
œstrogène
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Summary:Xenœstrogens (XEs) are a class of substances that exert estrogenic effects by mimicking or blocking endogenous hormones. The sources, environmental behavior, and fate of typical XEs are described. XEs’ adverse developmental, metabolic, and immunological effects are then presented with respect to reproductive functions. The mechanisms underlying XEs’ genomic and nongenomic effects are reviewed. XEs can alter gene transcription by interfering with the functioning of conventional estrogen receptors, but they are also capable of activating multiple kinase signaling pathways that disrupt membrane-associated receptors, such as estrogen receptor alpha-36 (ERα36), estrogen receptor alpha-46 (ERα46), and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). This review aims to provide insight into XEs’ environmental effects and to explore the prevention and treatment of their estrogenic effects based on sufficient comprehension of the mechanisms involved.
ISSN:1181-8700
1208-6053
DOI:10.1139/er-2016-0075