Origin and evolution of high-rise buildings/ Aukstybiniu pastatu atsiradimas ir ju raida

• Published in: Urbanistika ir architektūra 2009-09, Vol.33 (3), p.158
• Main Authors: Parasonis, Josifas, Gaudutis, Ernestas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: History; Skyscrapers; Tall buildings
• ISSN: 1392-1630
• DOI: 10.3846/1392-1630.2009.33.158-172

Although the evolution of highrise buildings counts the second centenary, there is no overall criterion used to characterize them. different are the reasons of their origin and evolution (in view of urbanism, heritage preservation, etc.) in various countries. As a result of analising building code attitudes in some countries and literature sources, in this paper we try to propose a criterion of defining highrise buildings. The paper also analyses the reasons of their uprise in diferent continents and evolution peculiarities as well as differences in architectural-planning solutions of these buildings in different world cities and their influence on urban development. Keywords: highrise building, skyscraper, criteria, architectural and structural peculiarities, city silhouette. Nors aukstybiniu pastatu vystymosi raida skaiciuoja antraji simtmetu, kol kas nera visuotinai priimto kriterijaus jiems apibudinti. Skirtingos yra ir ju atsiradimo priezastys bei vystymasis (urbanistiniu, paveldo issaugojimo ir kt. poziuriais) ivairiuose pasaulio krastuose. Remiantis kai kuriu pasaulio saliu normatyviniu dokumentu nuostatu ir literaturos saltiniu analizes rezultatais siame darbe pabandyta pasiulyti kriterijus aukstybiniams pastatams pazenklinti. Analizuojami ju atsiradimo skirtinguose pasaulio zemynuose raidos ypatumai, siu pastatu, isdestytu ivairiuose pasaulio miestuose, architekturiniu planiniu sprendiniu, urbanistiniu poziuriu skirtumai, aukstybiniu pastatu itaka miestu raidai. Reiksminiai zodziai: aukstybinis pastatas, dangoraizis, kriterijai, architekturiniai ir konstrukciniai ypatumai, miesto siluetas.