Phylogenetic Analyses of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) Based on Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal ITS and Three Plastid Regions

Clematis, a largely temperate genus of vines and lianas, consists of approximately 300 species. Based on a sampling of about 75 species, sequences of the nrITS, the plastid atpB—rbcL spacer, psbA—trnH—trnQ spacer, and rpoB—trnC spacer regions were analyzed using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Ba...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Systematic botany 2011-10, Vol.36 (4), p.907-921
Main Authors: Xie, Lei, Wen, Jun, Li, Liang-Qian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptability
Bayesian analysis
Biological taxonomies
Calyx
Classification
Clematis
Climatic changes
Convergence
Data processing
Datasets
Dating
Dispersal
Divergence Times
DNA sequencing
Evolution
Fruits
Genetic aspects
Lianas
Molecular Phylogeny
Nucleotide sequencing
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Physiological aspects
Plant genetics
Plant morphology
Plants
Plastids
Radiation
Ranunculaceae
Ribosomes
Sampling
Spacer region
Speciation
Species diversity
Species Radiation
Taxa
Vines
Wind
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Summary:Clematis, a largely temperate genus of vines and lianas, consists of approximately 300 species. Based on a sampling of about 75 species, sequences of the nrITS, the plastid atpB—rbcL spacer, psbA—trnH—trnQ spacer, and rpoB—trnC spacer regions were analyzed using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Analyses of the combined data set by the three methods yielded similar topologies. Previously recognized genera including Archiclematis and Naravelia are nested within Clematis, supporting the merging of these genera within Clematis. Ten major clades with various levels of support were detected in the combined analyses. Our results in general do not support previous infrageneric classifications based on morphological characters and suggest significant convergence in floral and vegetative characters in Clematis. Several clades were resolved as regional geographic groups. Bayesian dating suggests a relatively ancient origin of the genus in the Oligocene, yet a relatively recent species radiation of the crown Clematis in the Miocene. Geologic and climatic changes in the late Tertiary to Quaternary are perhaps important for the speciation of Clematis, especially in eastern Asia. Long-distance dispersal of the fruits by wind, water, and/or animals and strong environmental adaptability, are proposed as the main mechanisms for the current cosmopolitan distribution and high species diversity of Clematis.
ISSN:0363-6445
1548-2324
DOI:10.1600/036364411X604921