How many primary parasitoid species attack nymphs of Diaphorina citri in Punjab, Pakistan?

Hussain & Nath (1927) stated that 9 species of parasitoids attack nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Punjab Province of Pakistan, Foreign exploration for natural enemies of D. citri over Mar 2011 to Mar 2013 in Punjab Pakistan resulted in the collection of 3,675 parasit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Florida Entomologist 2014, Vol.97 (4), p.1825
Main Authors: Hoddle, Mark S, Hoddle, Christina D, Triapitsyn, Serguei V, Khan, Shouket Z, Arif, Muhammad J
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
Parasitoids
Sternorrhyncha
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Summary:Hussain & Nath (1927) stated that 9 species of parasitoids attack nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Punjab Province of Pakistan, Foreign exploration for natural enemies of D. citri over Mar 2011 to Mar 2013 in Punjab Pakistan resulted in the collection of 3,675 parasitoids representing at least 13 different species, However, just 2 species of primary parasitoids, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (55% of collected specimens) and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (28% of collected material) attacked D. citri nymphs and 5 species of hyperparasitoids attacked the immature stages of these two primary parasitoids, The remaining 11 parasitoid species that were identified likely attacked unnoticed insect species that co-infested foliage with D. citri nymphs, We conclude that Hussain & Nath (1927) overestimated the number of primary parasitoids attacking D. citri nymphs in Punjab Pakistan, Key Words: foreign exploration, host rearing, quarantine Hussain y Nath (1927) reportan 9 especies de parasitoides atacando ninfas de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) en la provincia de Punjab en Pakistan, Exploracion del exterior para los enemigos naturales de D. citri de marzo 2011 hasta marzo 2013 en Punjab Pakistan resulto en una coleccion de 3675 parasitoides que representen, por lo menos, 13 especies diferentes, Sin embargo, solo 2 especies de parasitoides primarios, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (55% de los especimenes recolectados) y Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam y Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (28% de los especimenes recolectados) atacan ninfas de D. citri y 5 especies de hiperparasitoides atacan los estadios inmaduros de estos dos parasitoides primarios, El resto de las especies de parasitoides probablemente atacan especies de insectos imperceptibles que estan en el follaje con ninfas de D. citri, Llegamos a la conclusion de que Hussain y Nath (1927) sobreestimaron el numero de parasitoides primarios que atacan ninfas D. citri en Punjab Pakistan, Palabras Clave: exploracion extranjera, cria de hospedero, cuarentena
ISSN:0015-4040