Quality of Helianthus annuus L. seeds as a function of phosphate and location in the inflorescence/Qualidade de sementes de Helianthus annuus L. em funcao da adubacao fosfatada e da localizacao na inflorescencia

• Published in: Ciência rural 2011-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1160
• Main Authors: da Silva, Humberto Pereira, Brandao, Delacyr da Silva, Jr, Neves, Jose Maria Gomes, Sampaio, Regynaldo Arruda, Duarte, Romulo Fredson, Oliveira, Ariadne Santos
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: Phosphates; Physiological aspects; Seeds
• ISSN: 0103-8478

In recent years, the expansion of sunflower promoted a search for genetic material more competitive, and for seeds with a maximum physical, physiological and health quality. In the field, harvesting time and plant nutrition are essential in the expression of these qualities. With this objective, this research aimed to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of sunflower seeds under different phosphorus levels and locations within the same inflorescence. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial (3x2), being the first factor, the location of the seed in the inflorescence (outside, middle and center) and the second phosphorus levels (zero and to 70kg [ha.sup.-1] super-simple). Its application was performed during the culture deployment. Seeds were subjected to the moisture content determination, thousand seed weight, seed weight per inflorescence location in germination and vigor (first count and index of germination rate). Phosphorus fertilization allowed an increase in physical and physiological quality of sunflower seeds. The region along the periphery with the environment contributes in most to obtain a better physical and physiological quality of sunflower seeds. The physical quality is affected by the location of seeds in inflorescences, which are heavier in the periphery, followed by middle and having the center with lighter seeds. Key words: sunflower, chapter, seed quality. Nos ultimos anos, a expansao da cultura do girassol promoveu uma busca por material genetico mais competitivo, alem de sementes com uma maxima qualidade fisica, fisiologica e sanitaria. No campo, a epoca de colheita e a nutricao das plantas sao de fundamental importancia na expressao dessas qualidades. Com isso, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a qualidade fisica e fisiologica das sementes de girassol submetidas a diferentes doses de fosforo e suas localizacoes dentro da inflorescencia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (3x2), sendo o primeiro fator a localizacao da semente na inflorescencia (periferia, meio e centro) e, o segundo, doses de fosforo (zero e 70kg [ha.sup.-1] de super-simples), sendo sua aplicacao realizada durante a implantacao da cultura. As sementes foram submetidas a determinacao do teor de agua, peso de mil sementes, peso das sementes por localizacao na inflorescencia e a testes de germinacao e vigor (primeira contagem e indice de velocidade de germinacao). A adubacao fosfatada proporcion