Genetic transformation and the use glyphosate on soil microbial, biological nitrogen fixation, quality and safety of genetically modified soybean/Transformacao genetica e aplicacao de glifosato na microbiota do solo, fixacao biologica de nitrogenio, qualidade e seguranca de graos de soja geneticamente modificada

• Published in: Ciência rural 2010-01, Vol.40 (1), p.213
• Main Authors: Bohm, Giani Mariza Barwald, Rombaldi, Cesar Valmor
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: Genetic engineering; Genetic research; Genetically engineered foods; Genetically modified crops; Glyphosate; Herbicide resistance; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Nitrogen fixation; Physiological aspects; Safety and security measures; Soil microbiology; Soybeans
• ISSN: 0103-8478

The genetically modified soybean resistant to glyphosate ([GM.sub.RR]) is the main product of plant biotechnology, considering the evolution of the area cultivated and the use of this grain. EUA, Argentina and Brazil are the largest producers of [GM.sub.RR]. The release of [GM.sub.RR] soybean cultivation in Brazil was done based on researches that were accomplished in other countries without the validation of the same edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, the main researches about environmental impact, plant metabolism, quality and safety of [GM.sub.RR] soybean with or without glyphosate application were collected and investigated. In general, the researches investigated showed some similar characteristics: a) few variables were studied; b) simulations in green house or in vitro are used to infer possible response on the field. Although scarce, the researches denoted that the genetic transformation did not affect soil microorganisms, biological nitrogen fixation and composition of grains. The factor which could affect these variables is the glyphosate application in weed control, thus the risk of damage to the environment and the safety of products derived from this raw materialare due to the use of the herbicide during cultivation, and not to the genetic transformation. Key words: Transgenic soybean, soil microorganisms, herbicides residue, isoflavones. Key words: transgenic soybean, soil microorganisms, herbicides residue, isoflavones. A soja geneticamente modificada resistente ao herbicida glifosato ([GM.sub.RR]) e o principal produto da biotecnologia vegetal, considerando-se a evolucao da area cultivada e o consumo desse grao. Os Estados Unidos, a Argentina e o Brasil sao os maiores produtores de soja [GM.sub.RR]. A liberacao para cultivo da soja [GM.sub.RR] no Brasil foi efetivada com base, quase que exclusivamente, em trabalhos realizados em outros paises, sem a devida validacao nas condicoes edafoclimaticas locais. Nesse contexto, buscou-se coletar e analisar os principais trabalhos que versam sobre impacto ambiental, metabolismo da planta, qualidade e seguranca da soja [GM.sub.RR] tratada e nao tratada com glifosato. De modo geral, os trabalhos analisados apresentam algumas caracteristicas comuns: a) avaliam poucas variaveis; e b) inferem, a partir de simulacao com ensaios em casa de vegetacao ou in vitro, possiveis respostas no cultivo comercial. Embora ainda escassos, os estudos realizados apontam para o fato de que a transformacao genetica