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Coxiella burnetii and Q fever in Brazil: a public health issue/Coxiella burnetii e a febre Q no Brasil, uma questao de saude publica

Q fever is a zoonosis that is broadly distributed worldwide, despite few reports associated with its occurrence in Brazil. Coxiella burnetii, namely the causative agent of Q fever is a gram-negative coccobacillus and an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of the order of Legionellales. The mic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ciência & saude coletiva 2018-12, Vol.23 (12), p.4231
Main Authors: de Melo Damasceno, Iangla Araujo, Guerra, Ricardo Consigliero
Format: Article
Language:Portuguese
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Summary:Q fever is a zoonosis that is broadly distributed worldwide, despite few reports associated with its occurrence in Brazil. Coxiella burnetii, namely the causative agent of Q fever is a gram-negative coccobacillus and an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of the order of Legionellales. The microorganism is generally present in the urine and feces of infected animals and can be found in large quantities in placental membranes of at-term or aborted animals. The inhalation of particles suspended in the air or contaminated aerosols is the most common form of bacterial contact. Q Fever is a self-limited disease, and often progresses in a benign way. In cases where the disease progresses to the chronic form, endocarditis is the most prevalent manifestation. Clinical diagnosis is difficult since the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. In confirmed cases, antibiotic therapy is the treatment indicated. Given the lack of knowledge about the disease and the difficulty of diagnosis, it is believed that Q fever is more common than generally believed in Brazil. Key words Coxiella burnetii, Occupational exposure, Zoonosis A Febre Q e uma zoonose de ampla distribuicao mundial, apesar dos poucos relatos associados a sua ocorrencia no Brasil. "Coxiella burnetii", agente etiologico da Febre Q, e um cocobacilo gram-negativo, parasita intracelular obrigatorio da ordem Legionellales. O microrganismo geralmente esta presente na urina e fezes de animais infectados, podendo ser encontrado em grande quantidade nos restos placentarios de animais nascidos a termo ou produtos de aborto. A inalacao de celulas bacterianas suspensas no ar ou aerossois contaminados e a forma mais comum de entrar em contato com a bacteria. A febre Q e uma doenca autolimitada e, geralmente, evolui de forma benigna. Nos casos onde a doenca evolui de forma cronica, a endocardite e a manifestacao mais frequente. O diagnostico clinico e dificil, visto que os sintomas assemelham-se a varias outras doencas. Nos casos confirmados a antibioticoterapia e o tratamento indicado. Diante da sintomatologia pouco especifica e dificuldade de diagnostico, acredita-se que no Brasil a doenca seja mais comum do que se pensa. Palavras-chave Coxiella, Exposicao ocupacional, Zoonose
ISSN:1413-8123
DOI:10.1590/1413-812320182312.27772016