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Morphoanatomical, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators in ILactuca sativa/I L. Germination and Growth in Response to Fluoride

Fluoride is one of the main phytotoxic environmental pollutants, and high concentrations (10–30 mg L[sup.−1] ) are commonly detected in surface and groundwater. Little, however, is known about the effects of this pollutant on crops that require irrigation during their development, which, in addition...

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Published in:Plants (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.11 (23)
Main Authors: Almeida Rodrigues, Arthur, Almeida Rodrigues, Douglas, de Fátima Sales, Juliana, Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho, Sebastião, Carlos Costa, Alan, Lino Rodrigues, Cássia, Alves da Silva, Adinan, Domingos, Marisa, Müller, Caroline
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container_issue 23
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container_title Plants (Basel)
container_volume 11
creator Almeida Rodrigues, Arthur
Almeida Rodrigues, Douglas
de Fátima Sales, Juliana
Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho, Sebastião
Carlos Costa, Alan
Lino Rodrigues, Cássia
Alves da Silva, Adinan
Domingos, Marisa
Müller, Caroline
description Fluoride is one of the main phytotoxic environmental pollutants, and high concentrations (10–30 mg L[sup.−1] ) are commonly detected in surface and groundwater. Little, however, is known about the effects of this pollutant on crops that require irrigation during their development, which, in addition to phytotoxicity, may cause negative human health effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the effects of potassium fluoride (KF) on the germination of lettuce seeds and identify the physiological and anatomical markers of this pollutant’s action on plants exposed to it during growth. Initially, lettuce seeds were sown in gerboxes and soaked in solutions containing 0 mg L[sup.−1] , 10 mg L[sup.−1] , 20 mg L[sup.−1] , and 30 mg L[sup.−1] KF. Plants grown in a greenhouse were treated daily with KF irrigation at the same KF concentrations for 40 days. KF exposure reduced the germination rate and germination speed index of lettuce seeds at 20 mg L[sup.−1] and 30 mg L[sup.−1] , resulting in compromised root development at the highest KF concentration. Lettuce plants displayed a slight photosynthesis reduction and a significant photochemical efficiency decrease after exposures to all KF concentrations. Lower chlorophyll contents and nitrogen balance indices were observed in plants exposed to 30 mg L[sup.−1] KF. On the other hand, increases in phenolic compounds and malondialdehyde were noted with increasing KF concentrations. Lettuce plants can, therefore, accumulate fluoride in leaves when irrigated with KF-rich water. The investigated physiological and biochemical variables were proven to be adequate fluoride action biomarkers in lettuce plants and may become an important tool in the study of olericulture contaminants.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/plants11233406
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Lettuce plants displayed a slight photosynthesis reduction and a significant photochemical efficiency decrease after exposures to all KF concentrations. Lower chlorophyll contents and nitrogen balance indices were observed in plants exposed to 30 mg L[sup.−1] KF. On the other hand, increases in phenolic compounds and malondialdehyde were noted with increasing KF concentrations. Lettuce plants can, therefore, accumulate fluoride in leaves when irrigated with KF-rich water. 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Plants grown in a greenhouse were treated daily with KF irrigation at the same KF concentrations for 40 days. KF exposure reduced the germination rate and germination speed index of lettuce seeds at 20 mg L[sup.−1] and 30 mg L[sup.−1] , resulting in compromised root development at the highest KF concentration. Lettuce plants displayed a slight photosynthesis reduction and a significant photochemical efficiency decrease after exposures to all KF concentrations. Lower chlorophyll contents and nitrogen balance indices were observed in plants exposed to 30 mg L[sup.−1] KF. On the other hand, increases in phenolic compounds and malondialdehyde were noted with increasing KF concentrations. Lettuce plants can, therefore, accumulate fluoride in leaves when irrigated with KF-rich water. 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subjects Chemical properties
Fluorides
Germination
Growth (Plants)
Lettuce
Phosphatic fertilizers
Physiological aspects
Pollutants
title Morphoanatomical, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators in ILactuca sativa/I L. Germination and Growth in Response to Fluoride
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