Satellite, UAV, and Geophysical Data to Identify Surface and Subsurface Hydrodynamics of Geographically Isolated Wetlands: Understanding an Undervalued Ecosystem at the Atlantic Forest-Cerrado Interface of Brazil

In two small and isolated wetlands located at the interface of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) in São Paulo State, Brazil, we employed a pixel-based supervised classification approach using a combination of panchromatic and multispectral bands obtained from Landsat 2, 5, 7, and C...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Remote Sensing 2023, Vol.15 (7)
Main Authors: Furlan, Lucas Moreira, Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo, Moreira, César Augusto, de Alencar, Paulo Guilherme, Casagrande, Matheus Felipe Stanfoca, Rosolen, Vânia
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Drone aircraft
Environmental aspects
Fluid dynamics
Methods
Remote sensing
Soil moisture
Wetlands
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Summary:In two small and isolated wetlands located at the interface of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) in São Paulo State, Brazil, we employed a pixel-based supervised classification approach using a combination of panchromatic and multispectral bands obtained from Landsat 2, 5, 7, and CBERS-04A satellites (ranging from 80 to 2 m/pixel). In addition, we acquired DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV-RGB images in twelve different periods with a resolution of +5 cm/pixel. Furthermore, we utilized 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to obtain data on the surroundings and center of the wetlands. Finally, we conducted a climatological data analysis. The results from the multisource data allowed us to classify the ecosystems as geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs), for which we documented a seasonal month-to-month (12 months) spatial variation of inundated area, vegetation pattern, soil water interaction, and a point of surface and deep-subsurface water interaction. These results are essential for high-accuracy characterization of small wetlands’ hydrodynamics and hydroperiods at the local scale. Our study contributes to optimizing GIWs understanding, monitoring, and reapplication of the methodology in other wetlands or small ecosystems.
ISSN:2072-4292
2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs15071870