Characteristics of the Red Leached Fersialitic soils of the high southern plain of Pinar del Rio/Caracteristicas de los suelos Fersialiticos Rojos Lixiviados de la llanura meridional alta de Pinar del Rio

• Published in: Cultivos tropicales 2022-07, Vol.43 (3), p.1
• Main Authors: Carnero-Lazo, Greter, Hernandez-Jimenez, Alberto, Bernal-Fundora, Andy, Terry-Alfonso, Elein
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: Chemical properties; Sediments (Geology); Soils
• ISSN: 0258-5936

Soil fertility is considered a determining factor in the availability of nutrients for plants, mainly in tropical regions where transformation and translocation processes of substances are more energetic in soil formation compared to temperate regions. This problem is related to the climatic factor, mainly rainfall and temperature, which are more accentuated in these areas. Considering the above, a detailed edaphological study of "El Pitirre" Productive Base Unit, in Pinar del Rio province, was carried out through the application of the Dokuchaevian comparative geographic method, with the main objective of evaluating the edaphological properties. For this, different factors of soil formation are diagnosed, which with their morphological, physical and chemical properties, the soil formation process is established; which is the main basis for soil classification in Cuba. On these results, a new genetic type of soils was diagnosed, the Red Leached Fersialitic, with several subtypes according to relief differences and anthropic causes. In addition, it was shown that the soils are of the ABtC profile type, deep, red, clayey, formed from ancient Quaternary sediments rich in basalt, in undulating to hilly relief, with acid reaction pH and have a low to very low content of assimilable potassium and phosphorus. Key words: edaphology, classification, fertility. La fertilidad de los suelos se considera un factor determinante en la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas, principalmente en las regiones tropicales donde los procesos de transformacion y translocacion de sustancias son mas energicos en la formacion de los suelos en comparacion con las regiones templadas. Esta problematica esta relacionada por el factor climatico, principalmente las precipitaciones y la temperatura que son mas acentuadas en estas zonas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se realizo un estudio edafologico detallado de la Unidad Base Productiva "El Pitirre", en la provincia Pinar del Rio, mediante la aplicacion del metodo geografico comparativo dokuchaeviano, con el objetivo principal de evaluar las propiedades edafologicas. Para ello, se diagnostican los diferentes factores de formacion de suelos, lo que con sus propiedades morfologicas, fisicas y quimicas, se establece el proceso de formacion de suelo; que es la base principal de la clasificacion de los suelos de Cuba. Sobre estos resultados, se diagnostico un nuevo tipo genetico de suelos, el Fersialitico Rojo Lixiviado, con varios su