Wax screen-based fabrication of paper devices for the determination of iron in particulates of selected welding fumes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

In this study a paper-based analytical device was developed using screen printing technique for the determination of particulate iron from welding fumes. The operational parameters such as volume and concentration of 1,10-phenanthroline, volume and concentration of hydroxylamine were optimized by th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 2024-09, Vol.38 (3), p.563-576
Main Authors: Wendimu, Gizachew, Hussen, Ahmed, Mohan B., Raj
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Analysis
Cellular telephones
Cellulose
Computer programs
Hydroxides
Image processing
Instrument industry
Welding
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:In this study a paper-based analytical device was developed using screen printing technique for the determination of particulate iron from welding fumes. The operational parameters such as volume and concentration of 1,10-phenanthroline, volume and concentration of hydroxylamine were optimized by the Box Behnken Design (BBD) using Minitab. Additionally, the µ-PAD's sample solution holding capacity and reaction time were also optimized. Under the optimized condition, particulate metal concentrations were colorimetrically quantified usinga handheld mobile phone and image processing software, ImageJ. Very good analytical performance such as good linearity of the calibration curve and better selectivity was observed by the developed method. The limit of detection for Fe3+ assay was 4.6 mg/L; which is adequate to determine the threshold concentration limit of particulate iron set by the regulatory bodies (6 mg/L). The µ-PAD revealed 95-99% recovery compared with the UV-Vis spectrophotometry (98-100%). Furthermore, welding fume samples were collected in Addis Ababa over five days, using mixed cellulose ester filters and the findings show a high concentration that exceeds the standard levels. Analyzing particulate iron with µ-PADs yielded results consistent with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, suggesting µ-PADs' potential application for occupational particulate iron exposure measurement, eliminating the need for expensive analytical devices. KEY WORDS: µ-PADs, Particulate iron, Response surface methodology, Wax screen-printing, Welding fume, Colorimetric detection Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 563-576.                                                             DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.2                                                    
ISSN:1011-3924
1726-801X
DOI:10.4314/bcse.v38i3.2