Alternatives for agroecological soil management in agroecosystems of Theobroma cacao L/Alternativas para el manejo agroecologico de suelos en agroecosistemas de Theobroma cacao L

• Published in: Cultivos tropicales 2024-07, Vol.45 (3), p.1
• Main Authors: Gamez, Manuel De Jesus Castillo, Venero, Gicli Manuel Suarez, Garcia, Mariol Morejon
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• ISSN: 0258-5936

The research was carried out during the period 2016 - 2018 in farms of the UBPC "Jose MaceoGrajales", Baracoa municipality, Guantanamo Province with the aim of evaluating the effect of different alternatives for agroecological soil management in the fragile mountainous agroecosystem of Theobroma cacao L. Four treatments were studied, with four replications in a Random Block Design. The treatments were: 1. Live barriers + dead barriers, 2. Live barriers + dead barriers + organic matter, 3. Live barriers + dead barriers + organic matter + organic fertilizer generated from the Canavalia ensiformis and 4. Control without conservation measures. Evaluations such as chemical analysis of the soil (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium), soil losses and cocoa crop yields were carried out in 2016, two years later the same evaluations were repeated. The results obtained show that the application of agroecological management alternatives significantly influences the improvement of the studied chemical properties of the brown sialitic, ochric soil and the reduction of soil losses to permissible limits in the cocoa agroecosystem. The most efficient alternative in agroecological soil management for Theobroma cacao L., was the combination of living and dead barriers plus organic fertilizers generated from the legume Canavalia species, with agricultural yields of 1, 18 t [ha.sup.-1], higher than the national average. Key words: erosion, conservation, yield, alternatives. Palabras clave: erosion, conservacion, rendimiento, alternativas. La investigacion se realizo durante el periodo 2016 - 2018 en fincas de la UBPC "Jose Maceo Grajales", municipio Baracoa, provincia Guantanamo, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes alternativas de manejo agroecologico de suelo en agroecosistema fragil montanoso de cacao, Theobroma cacao L. Se estudiaron cuatro tratamientos, con cuatro replicas en un Diseno en Bloques al Azar. Los tratamientos fueron: 1. Barreras vivas + barreras muertas, 2. Barreras vivas + barreras muertas + materia organica, 3. Barreras vivas + barreras muertas + materia organica + abono organico generado de la Canavalia ensiformis y 4. Testigo sin medidas de conservacion. Se realizaron en el ano 2016 evaluaciones tales como analisis quimico del suelo (pH, materia organica, fosforo y potasio), perdidas de suelos y rendimientos del cultivo del cacao, dos anos despues, se repitieron las mismas evaluaciones. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la apli