Identifying and supporting vaccine champions in pediatric primary care: a qualitative interview study

• Published in: Translational behavioral medicine 2024-11, Vol.14 (12), p.722-731
• Main Authors: Kong, Wei Yi, Heisler-MacKinnon, Jennifer, Oh, Nul Loren, McKeithen, Mary Catharine, Stalford, Samantha R, Brennan, Meghan B, Shea, Christopher M, Liu, Amy, Gottfredson O’Shea, Nisha, Ozawa, Sachiko, Brewer, Noel T, Gilkey, Melissa B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Beliefs, opinions and attitudes; Communicable diseases in children; Health promotion; Medical personnel; Methods; Prevention; Primary health care; Social aspects; Vaccination
• ISSN: 1869-6716; 1613-9860
• DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibae054

ABSTRACT Implementation science research identifies clinical champions as instrumental in aligning healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) behavior with practice guidelines for delivering health services, including vaccinations. However, we know relatively little about identifying or supporting champions. To characterize who vaccine champions are, what they do, and how to support their work in pediatric primary care. In 2022, we interviewed a purposive sample of peer-nominated or self-identified vaccine champions (n=20) and HCPs who worked with vaccine champions (n=4). We thematically analyzed qualitative data. Vaccine champions’ defining characteristics were firsthand primary care experience, whether as providers or nursing staff, and a strong belief in vaccinations as uniquely effective tools for primary prevention. Participants noted these beliefs were “part of the DNA” of specialties like pediatrics and infectious disease, where they perceived champions as especially common. Being “insatiable in their quest for knowledge,” champions primarily conceptualized their role as understanding and sharing complex information and performance metric data related to vaccine administration. Champions’ role in leading other implementation strategies, such as communication training, was more peripheral. Champions reported that dedicated time and staff support helped them “go above and beyond” to improve vaccination rates. Our findings suggest that vaccine champions can be found among providers and nursing staff with deep clinical experience and commitment to primary prevention through vaccination, including through providing vaccine education to colleagues. Healthcare systems can allocate resources to support champions as educators, while exploring opportunities to extend their role in other implementation strategies to improve vaccination rates. Findings from this qualitative study suggest that having firsthand clinical experience and a strong commitment to vaccine promotion are relevant attributes for identifying vaccine champions. Lay Summary Clinical champions are healthcare professionals who seek to help their colleagues improve the quality of health services, including vaccinations. However, efforts to engage clinical champions are challenged by our limited understanding of these individuals. Thus, we interviewed 24 healthcare professionals from 8 healthcare systems in Wisconsin to explore who vaccine champions are, how they promote vaccination, and how healthcare sys