Chemical profile of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in ecstasy tablets by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization, X-ray fluorescence, ion mobility mass spectrometry and NMR

Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) is a new illicit dmg that has been sold as ecstasy tablets. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) and Xray fluorescence spectrometry (CRF) are shown to provide relatively simple and selective screening tools to distinguish m-CPP tablets f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2011-07, Vol.400 (9), p.3053
Main Authors: Romao, Wanderson, Lalli, Priscilla M, Franco, Marcos F, Sanvido, Gustavo, Schwab, Nicolas V, Lanaro, Rafael, Costa, Jose Luiz, Sabino, Bruno D, Bueno, Maria Izabel M.S, Souza, Vanderlea de, Eberlin, Marcos N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemical properties
Ecstasy (Drug)
Fluorescence
X-ray spectroscopy
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Summary:Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) is a new illicit dmg that has been sold as ecstasy tablets. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) and Xray fluorescence spectrometry (CRF) are shown to provide relatively simple and selective screening tools to distinguish m-CPP tablets from tablets containing amphetamines (mainly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)). EASI-MS detects the active ingredients in their protonated forms: [m-CPP+H] of nth 197, [MDMA+H] of m/z 194, and [2MDMA+HC1+H] of m/z 423 and other ions from excipients directly on the tablet surface, providing distinct chemical fingerprints. XRF identifies Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Cu as inorganic ingredients present in the m-CPP tablets. In contrast, higher Cl concentrations and a more diverse set of elements (P, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pt, V, }If, Ti, Pt, and Zr) were found in MDMA tablets. Principal component analysis applied to XRF data arranged samples in three groups: in-CPP tablets (four samples), MDMA tablets (twenty three samples), and tablets with no active ingredients (three samples). The EASI-MS and XRF techniques were also evaluated to quantify m-CPP in ecstasy tablets, with concentrations ranging from 4 to 40 mg of in-CPP per tablets. The m-CPP could only be differentiated from its isomers (o-CPP and for the three isomers p-CPP) by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry and NMR measurements. Keywords Drug monitoring/drug screening * Ambient mass spectrometry/EAR-MS * Forensics/toxicology * Metals/heavy metals * X-ray spectroscopy ()CPS XRF EDX) * NMR/ESR
ISSN:1618-2642
DOI:10.1007/00216-011-4883-9