Cannabis-induced psychosis: clinical characteristics and its differentiation from schizophrenia with and without cannabis use/Psicosis inducida por cannabis: caracteristicas clinicas y su diferenciacion con la esquizofrenia con y sin consumo de cannabis asociado

• Published in: Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) 2021-06, Vol.33 (2), p.95
• Main Authors: Arias, Francisco, Sanchez-Romero, Sergio, Rodriguez-Jimenez, Roberto, Rubio, Gabriel, Rentero, David
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0214-4840

Cannabis use is considered an established risk factor for psychosis development. Differentiating between cannabis-induced disorders and schizophrenia is useful for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Three inpatients groups were differentiated: cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP) (n = 69; mean age = 27.4, SD = 6.5; 82.6[per thousand] males), schizophrenia with cannabis abuse or dependence (SZ + CB) (n = 57; mean age = 31.9, SD = 10.1; 94.7[per thousand] males) and schizophrenia without cannabis abuse or dependence (SZ) (n = 181; mean age = 41.8, SD = 13.3; 54.1[per thousand] males). The Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV) scale was used to differentiate induced psychosis. The CIP group presented lower mean scores on the negative PANSS subscale (M = 12.9, SD = 5.9; F = 32.24, p < 0.001), fewer auditory hallucinations (60.3[per thousand]; [X.sup.2] = 6.60, p = 0.037) and greater presence of mania (26.1[per thousand] vs. 12.3[per thousand]; [X.sup.2] = 32.58, p < 0.001) than the SZ + CB group. There were few clinical differences between patients with schizophrenia, regardless of previous cannabis use. The age of first admission due to psychosis was lower in both psychotic inpatients groups with cannabis use (M = 26.1, SD = 6.4 in CIP and M = 25.3, SD = 6.2 in SZ + CB; [X.sup.2] = 20.02, p < 0,001). A clinical pattern characteristic of cannabis-induced psychosis was not observed, but the precipitating role of cannabis in the appearance of psychotic symptoms was demonstrated, given the lower age of first admission due to psychosis in cannabis user groups. Keywords: Psychosis; Schizophrenia; Cannabis; Induced psychosis. El consumo de cannabis se considera un factor de riesgo establecido para el desarrollo de psicosis. Diferenciar los trastornos inducidos por cannabis de la esquizofrenia resulta util desde el punto de vista pronostico y terapeutico. Se diferenciaron tres grupos de pacientes hospitalizados: psicosis inducida por cannabis (PIC) (n = 69; Media de edad = 27,4, DE = 6,5; 82,6 [per thousand] varones), esquizofrenia con abuso o dependencia de cannabis (EZ + CB) (n = 57; Media de edad = 31,9, DE = 10,1; 94,7[per thousand] varones) y esquizofrenia sin abuso o dependencia de cannabis (EZ) (n = 181; Media de edad = 41,8, DE = 13,3; 54,1[per thousand] varones). Se utilizo la escala Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV) para la diferenciacion de cuadros inducidos. El grupo PIC prese